Tian Xuebin, Xie Yiwen, Zhao Yulong, Lu Xiangyun, Wu Nanping
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):22144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06815-y.
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) might have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the impact of their gut microbiota and metabolites on the progress of COVID-19 is unknown. Herein, we analyzed the temporal changes in the gut microbiota composition and metabolites of PLWH at baseline and during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed the gut microbiota and metabolites by integrating 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomics of 36 PLWH at baseline and during SARS-CoV-2 infection periods. Significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and an increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes during SARS-CoV-2 infection, relative to the baseline, were observed. At the genus level, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus decreased significantly. Furthermore, seven differentially enriched human metabolic pathways (including protein digestion and absorption, central carbon metabolism in cancer, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, mineral absorption, ABC transporters, arginine and proline metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism) were identified by comparing the fecal metabolites at baseline and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Spearman correlation analysis revealed close relationships between the two differentially abundant microbiota members and the five differentially abundant fecal metabolites that might affect specific human metabolic pathways.This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiota and metabolites in PLWH at baseline and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The key microbiota and metabolites in the infection process were identified, providing new ideas for treatment.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者（PLWH）罹患2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险可能会增加；然而，其肠道微生物群和代谢产物对COVID-19进展的影响尚不清楚。在此，我们分析了PLWH在基线时以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染期间肠道微生物群组成和代谢产物的时间变化。我们通过整合16S rRNA基因测序和液相色谱-质谱非靶向代谢组学，对36名PLWH在基线时和SARS-CoV-2感染期间的肠道微生物群和代谢产物进行了分析。观察到SARS-CoV-2感染期间肠道微生物群组成发生了显著变化，与基线相比，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例增加。在属水平上，乳酸杆菌属和植物乳杆菌属的丰度显著下降。此外，通过比较基线时和SARS-CoV-2感染期间的粪便代谢产物，确定了7条差异富集的人类代谢途径（包括蛋白质消化和吸收、癌症中的中心碳代谢、氨酰-tRNA生物合成、矿物质吸收、ABC转运蛋白、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及苯丙氨酸代谢）。Spearman相关性分析揭示了两种差异丰富的微生物群成员与五种差异丰富的粪便代谢产物之间的密切关系，这些代谢产物可能会影响特定的人类代谢途径。本研究首次对PLWH在基线时和SARS-CoV-2感染期间的肠道微生物群和代谢产物进行了表征。确定了感染过程中的关键微生物群和代谢产物，为治疗提供了新思路。
