Ece Berivan, Kilonzo Mrema, Kaaya Sylvia, Tarimo Edith, Moshiro Candida, Mbugi Erasto, Mlunde Linda B, Hirschhorn Lisa R, Hawkins Claudia, Ho Emily H
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., 27th floor, Room 2745, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):871. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13064-2.
Effective antiretroviral treatment has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition. In Tanzania, about 1.7 million people are living with HIV (PLWH), with 79% achieving viral suppression. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) evaluate key outcomes that matter most for PLWH and are an essential tool to evaluate and improve health system performance. Research is needed to adapt and test PROMs to increase their use in HIV care in many low- and middle-income countries including Tanzania. Since 2019, Northwestern University and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) have led an NIH-funded Fogarty D43 grant to build Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR) capacity in Tanzania. We report on the results of a workshop to strengthen capacity in PROMs development, adaptation and psychometric validation for improving health outcomes for PLWH in Tanzania.
The three-day in-person workshop featured expert-led instruction and practical exercises on PROMs selection, development, adaptation, validity testing, factor analysis, and manuscript writing. We applied Kirkpatrick Framework (Level 1-reaction, Level 2-knowledge, and Level 3-use) for workshop evaluation. Participants completed pre-workshop surveys on goals, experience, confidence, and knowledge, followed by a post-workshop survey to assess satisfaction (Level 1), knowledge changes (Level 2), and plans for use (Level 3), along with feedback.
Twenty-seven participants (44.4% male) attended the workshop, with 92% stating it met workshop goals and 87.5% reporting personal goal fulfillment (Level 1). There was a significant increase in knowledge and confidence ratings across all topics ( <.001) (Level 2). Knowledge ratings rose from a mean of 0.44 (SD = 0.68) to 2.55 (SD = 0.56) while confidence increased from 0.47 (SD = 0.72) to 2.55 (SD = 0.56). Correct answer rates on knowledge assessments also improved and all attendees reported plans to use the skills in future research. Qualitative feedback indicated high enthusiasm for the course and increased confidence in applying the learned skills to current or future research (Level 3).
The workshop effectively strengthened capacity of attendees to adapt and validate PROMs for use in research and care in Tanzania. Plans are in place to incorporate this training into formal MUHAS courses. Similar workshops are needed to further enhance PROMs research capacity in the region for future application both in research and clinical care of PLWH.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-025-13064-2.
有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗已将艾滋病转化为一种可控制的慢性病。在坦桑尼亚，约有170万人感染艾滋病毒（艾滋病毒感染者），其中79%实现了病毒抑制。患者报告结局量表（PROMs）评估对艾滋病毒感染者最重要的关键结局，是评估和改善卫生系统绩效的重要工具。需要开展研究来调整和测试PROMs，以增加其在包括坦桑尼亚在内的许多低收入和中等收入国家的艾滋病毒护理中的应用。自2019年以来，西北大学和穆希比利卫生与联合科学大学（MUHAS）牵头开展了一项由美国国立卫生研究院资助的福格蒂D43项目，以在坦桑尼亚建设以患者为中心的结局研究（PCOR）能力。我们报告了一次研讨会的结果，该研讨会旨在加强PROMs开发、调整和心理测量学验证方面的能力，以改善坦桑尼亚艾滋病毒感染者的健康结局。
为期三天的面对面研讨会以专家指导的教学和关于PROMs选择、开发、调整、效度测试、因素分析和论文撰写的实践练习为特色。我们应用柯克帕特里克框架（第1级——反应、第2级——知识和第3级——应用）进行研讨会评估。参与者在研讨会前完成了关于目标、经验、信心和知识的调查，随后进行了研讨会后调查，以评估满意度（第1级）、知识变化（第2级）和应用计划（第3级），并提供反馈。
27名参与者（44.4%为男性）参加了研讨会，92%的人表示该研讨会达到了研讨会目标，87.5%的人报告个人目标得以实现（第1级）。所有主题的知识和信心评分均显著提高（<0.001）（第2级）。知识评分从平均0.44（标准差=0.68）提高到2.55（标准差=0.56），而信心从0.47（标准差=0.72）提高到2.55（标准差=0.56）。知识评估的正确答案率也有所提高，所有与会者都报告了在未来研究中使用这些技能的计划。定性反馈表明对该课程高度热情，并对将所学技能应用于当前或未来研究更有信心（第3级）。
该研讨会有效地增强了与会者调整和验证PROMs以用于坦桑尼亚研究和护理的能力。已制定计划将此培训纳入MUHAS的正规课程。需要举办类似的研讨会，以进一步提高该地区PROMs研究能力，以便在未来用于艾滋病毒感染者的研究和临床护理。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s12913-025-13064-2获取的补充材料。
