Opio Walter, Okello Tom Richard, Nyeko Richard
Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, P.O. Box 1035, Lira, Uganda.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lira University, P.O. Box 1035, Lira, Uganda.
BMC Gastroenterol. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):475. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04072-x.
BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potentially life-threatening condition and a common reason for hospitalisation worldwide. However, the exact burden, as well as the associated factors and treatment outcomes of UGIB in this study setting, have not been determined to guide evidence-based interventions. OBJECTIVES: This study determined the prevalence, treatment outcome, and factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding among adult patients in Amolatar District, Northern Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study, reviewing the records of patients aged 18 years and older who were hospitalised at five selected health facilities between January 2021 and December 2022. Data were collected using a data extraction form that included sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and treatment outcomes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27 at the levels of univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses. A p value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: The median age of the study participants was 42.0 years (IQR 31.0-56.0), with a range of 19 to 70 years. The prevalence of UGIB in Amolatar was 24.5%. The majority of the patients with UGIB in this study were aged over 40 years, and males were predominantly predisposed to UGIB compared to females, with a 2.2:1 male-to-female ratio. The case fatality rate among patients with UGIB in the current study was surprisingly low, at 1.6%. Alcohol use (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.08-4.28, p = 0.030) and having a previous gastrointestinal bleeding (AOR = 11.23; 95% CI 5.45-23.12, p < 0.001) were the factors independently associated with UGIB. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UGIB among patients in the study setting was 24.5%. A prior history of gastrointestinal bleeding and alcohol use were independently associated with the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). This highlights the necessity for community sensitisation regarding the causes, risk factors, and health outcomes associated with UGIB, in order to mitigate exposure to certain modifiable risk factors.
背景：上消化道出血（UGIB）是一种潜在的危及生命的疾病，也是全球范围内住院治疗的常见原因。然而，在本研究背景下，UGIB的确切负担以及相关因素和治疗结果尚未确定，无法指导循证干预措施。 目的：本研究确定了乌干达北部阿莫拉塔尔区成年患者中上消化道出血的患病率、治疗结果及相关因素。 方法：我们开展了一项横断面回顾性研究，查阅了2021年1月至2022年12月期间在五家选定医疗机构住院的18岁及以上患者的记录。使用数据提取表收集数据，该表包括社会人口学特征、健康相关因素和治疗结果。使用SPSS 27版软件在单变量、双变量和多因素逻辑回归分析层面进行数据分析。p值<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。 结果：研究参与者的年龄中位数为42.0岁（四分位间距31.0 - 56.0），年龄范围为19至70岁。阿莫拉塔尔区UGIB的患病率为24.5%。本研究中大多数UGIB患者年龄超过40岁，男性比女性更易患UGIB，男女比例为2.2:1。本研究中UGIB患者的病死率出奇地低，为1.6%。饮酒（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.15；95%置信区间[CI] 1.08 - 4.28，p = 0.030）和既往有消化道出血史（AOR = 11.23；95% CI 5.45 - 23.12，p < 0.001）是与UGIB独立相关的因素。 结论：本研究背景下患者中UGIB的患病率为24.5%。既往消化道出血史和饮酒与上消化道出血（UGIB）的发生独立相关。这凸显了社区宣传UGIB相关病因、危险因素和健康结果的必要性，以便减少接触某些可改变的危险因素。
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