Shaheen Somaya H, El Saftawy Enas A, Aboulhoda Basma E, Abdulwehab Mona M, Ibrahim Asmaa, Zein Marwa M, Farag Mohamed F, Salama Nagwan M, Elwi Heba M, Elkholy Naglaa Sh, Alghamdi Mansour Abdullah, Tarek Mennat-Allah
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):652. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-07055-0.
Heroin's systemic effects relative to addicts' characteristics have not been fully investigated. The frequencies of dopamine and α-fetoprotein and the coincidence of toxoplasmosis were assessed.
The study involved 49 drug addicts and 48 healthy controls. Personal history was taken. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM, dopamine, and α-fetoprotein in serum were measured using ELISA.
Overall, 59.2% were ˃ 30 -years- old, 91.8% were low-educated, 85.7% had craftwork, 28.6% had a positive family history, and 49.0% used the intravenous route. Compared to healthy controls, a higher prevalence of Toxoplasma Ig G, significant dopamine reduction, and relatively increased α-fetoprotein were observed. Positive Toxoplasma Ig M serum levels were not recorded, and only 2 patients had equivocal levels. Among addicts, Toxoplasma-IgG levels were equivocal and positive in 18- to 30-year-olds and low-educated, equivocal in craftworkers (33.3%), positive in mental work (28.6%), with insignificant frequencies of relapses. Smoking duration and heroin consumption, all administration routes, and positive family history had relatively higher frequencies of negative anti-Toxoplasma IgG. Higher frequencies of abnormal α-fetoprotein were present in above-thirties addicts, craftwork, number of relapses, the number of cigarettes, early onset, longer duration, amount of heroin, positive family history, and combined routes of administration. Frequencies of decreased dopamine were in above-thirties addicts, graduates, craftworkers, lower relapses, and increased cigarette and substance use. Toxoplasma IgG and Ig M serum levels are inversely correlated with the respective duration and onset of smoking. The number of cigarettes positively correlated with α-fetoprotein. Dopamine correlated inversely with α-fetoprotein.
Higher past exposure to T. gondii was observed among drug addicts, which tended to be chronic latent, not active disease. Toxoplasmosis and altered dopamine and α-fetoprotein serum levels are potentially affected by age, social status, and cigarette consumption. Dopamine and α-fetoprotein alterations are coincident with increased heroin use.
海洛因相对于成瘾者特征的全身效应尚未得到充分研究。评估了多巴胺和甲胎蛋白的频率以及弓形虫病的发生率。
该研究纳入了49名吸毒者和48名健康对照者。记录个人病史。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测血清中的抗弓形虫IgG和IgM、多巴胺和甲胎蛋白。
总体而言，59.2%的人年龄大于30岁，91.8%的人受教育程度低，85.7%的人有手艺，28.6%的人有家族病史阳性，49.0%的人采用静脉注射途径。与健康对照者相比，观察到弓形虫IgG患病率较高、多巴胺显著降低以及甲胎蛋白相对升高。未记录到弓形虫IgM血清水平阳性，仅有2例患者水平不明确。在成瘾者中，18至30岁且受教育程度低的人弓形虫-IgG水平不明确且呈阳性，有手艺的人（33.3%）水平不明确，脑力劳动者（28.6%）呈阳性，复发频率无显著差异。吸烟时长和海洛因消费量、所有给药途径以及家族病史阳性者抗弓形虫IgG阴性频率相对较高。30岁以上的成瘾者、有手艺、复发次数、吸烟数量、发病早、持续时间长、海洛因用量、家族病史阳性以及联合给药途径者甲胎蛋白异常频率较高。多巴胺降低的频率见于30岁以上的成瘾者、毕业生、有手艺的人、复发次数少以及吸烟和物质使用增加者。弓形虫IgG和IgM血清水平与各自的吸烟持续时间和发病呈负相关。吸烟数量与甲胎蛋白呈正相关。多巴胺与甲胎蛋白呈负相关。
在吸毒者中观察到过去接触弓形虫的情况较多，往往是慢性潜伏性，而非活动性疾病。弓形虫病以及多巴胺和甲胎蛋白血清水平的改变可能受年龄、社会地位和吸烟量的影响。多巴胺和甲胎蛋白的改变与海洛因使用增加同时出现。
