Health Park Co., Ltd, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
Epigenix Innovation, Destin, Florida, 32541, USA.
Eur J Med Res. 2024 Oct 28;29(1):520. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-02055-4.
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite, is a significant cause of zoonotic disease, with an estimated one-third of the world's human population believed to be infected. T. gondii is transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated water, soil, vegetables, fruits, shellfish or undercooked meat, and can also be passed from human to human through vertical transmission, transplants and blood transfusion. While T. gondii infection typically manifests mild symptoms such as colds among immunocompetent individuals, it can prove lethal for those with weakened immune systems.
To summarize the diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection, we performed a literature search on PubMed from 1948 to 2023 using the keywords "T. gondii serological diagnosis" or "T. gondii molecular diagnosis".
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of T. gondii infection is imperative. Although a diagnostic kit is currently commercially available, there are a number of disadvantages to the validation principles applied to each diagnostic kit. Consequently, multiple diagnostic methods are concurrently employed to offset these limitations. Serological methods for diagnosing T. gondii infection include the Dye Test (DT), Agglutination Test (AT), Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Western Blot. Meanwhile, molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), multiplex PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are also utilized. Each of these methods possess its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
By summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of different diagnostic techniques, it is hoped that the epidemiology, prevention, and control of toxoplasmosis will be improved in the future through the use of appropriate technologies.
刚地弓形虫是一种细胞内寄生虫，是一种重要的人畜共患病病原体，据估计，世界上有三分之一的人口感染了刚地弓形虫。刚地弓形虫通过食用受污染的水、土壤、蔬菜、水果、贝类或未煮熟的肉传播给人类，也可以通过垂直传播、移植和输血在人与人之间传播。虽然刚地弓形虫感染在免疫功能正常的个体中通常表现为感冒等轻微症状，但对于免疫系统较弱的个体来说，它可能是致命的。
为了总结刚地弓形虫感染的诊断方法，我们在 PubMed 上进行了文献检索，检索时间从 1948 年至 2023 年，使用的关键词是“T. gondii 血清学诊断”或“T. gondii 分子诊断”。
快速准确地诊断刚地弓形虫感染至关重要。虽然目前有商业试剂盒，但应用于每种诊断试剂盒的验证原理存在许多缺点。因此，多种诊断方法同时使用以弥补这些局限性。用于诊断刚地弓形虫感染的血清学方法包括染料试验（DT）、凝集试验（AT）、改良凝集试验（MAT）、乳胶凝集试验（LAT）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和 Western blot。同时，也使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、巢式 PCR、实时 PCR、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、多重 PCR 和 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）等分子方法。这些方法各有优缺点。
通过总结不同诊断技术的优缺点，希望未来通过使用合适的技术来改善弓形虫病的流行病学、预防和控制。
