Emilio Bouza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46 - 28007 Madrid, Spain.
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2023 Apr;36(2):125-143. doi: 10.37201/req/018.2023. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
The Health Sciences Foundation has assembled a multidisciplinary group around a series of questions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population and specific groups within that population, particularly healthcare workers. In the general population, the most prevalent mental disorders have been anxiety, sleep disorders and affective disorders, primarily depression. There has been a considerable increase in suicidal behavior, especially in young women and men over 70 years of age. There has been an increase in alcohol abuse and nicotine, cannabis and cocaine use. In contrast, the use of synthetic stimulants during periods of confinement has decreased. With regard to non-substance addictions, gambling was very limited, pornography consumption increased significantly and there was an increase in compulsive shopping and the use of video games. Particularly vulnerable groups include adolescents and patients with autism spectrum disorders. Healthcare workers suffered an increase in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress, especially those who were exposed during the early stages of the pandemic. Female sex, being a nurse, proximity to patients with COVID-19, working in a rural environment and having previous psychiatric or organic illnesses were some of the most frequently repeated factors in various studies in this population group. The media have shown a good degree of knowledge about these problems and have dealt with them frequently and from the point of view of ethics, crisis situations, such as the one experienced, have triggered not only physical but also moral claudications.
健康科学基金会组织了一个多学科小组，围绕着一系列关于 COVID-19 大流行对普通人群和该人群中特定群体（特别是医护人员）心理健康影响的问题展开研究。在普通人群中，最常见的精神障碍是焦虑、睡眠障碍和情感障碍，主要是抑郁症。自杀行为显著增加，尤其是在年轻女性和 70 岁以上的男性中。滥用酒精、尼古丁以及吸食大麻和可卡因的现象也有所增加。相反，在禁闭期间，合成兴奋剂的使用有所减少。至于非物质成瘾，赌博非常有限，色情内容的消费显著增加，强迫性购物和电子游戏的使用也有所增加。特别脆弱的群体包括青少年和自闭症谱系障碍患者。医护人员的抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激增加，尤其是那些在大流行早期接触过 COVID-19 的医护人员。在该人群组的各种研究中，女性、护士、接近 COVID-19 患者、在农村环境中工作以及先前有精神或器质性疾病，是一些最常被重复的因素。媒体对这些问题表现出了一定程度的了解，并经常从伦理、危机等角度来处理这些问题，就像这次经历一样，不仅引发了身体上的，也引发了道德上的退缩。
