Denisova Yulia Y, Kochemirovskaya Svetlana V, Mehrabova Matanat A, Gulmemmedov Kamal J, Mokhorov Dmitry A, Novomlinskii Maxim O, Alyukov Ilya D, Kochemirovsky Vladimir A
Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertis, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia, 195251, St. Petersburg, st. Politekhnicheskaya, 29, Russia.
Department of Engineering Physics and Electronics, Azerbaijan Technical University. Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ 1073, Baku, 25 G. Javid Ave, Azerbaijan.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.2174/0118722105373192250531082417.
The method of laser deposition of metal nanoparticles from a solution has been considered a promising approach for various applications in microelectronics since the end of the 20th century. Laser-assisted liquid deposition is characterized by very low process rates (millimeters per hour) and high electrical resistance-2-5 orders of magnitude higher than the original materials. This creates obstacles to the development of an efficient and economically attractive technology. In recent years, researchers have been actively looking for other applications for this promising method.
Therefore, we focused on another side effect of the process: the active release of gas phases of unsaturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen during the reaction. The goal was to explore the potential use of the effect of organic catalysis, which accompanies laser reactions in a liquid medium, in hydrogen energy and controlled organic synthesis.
The experiments were conducted with respect to water-organic alcohol mixtures of glycerin and isopropanol. V, Zr, Pb, Mo, Zn, and Nb were used as the tested nanocatalysts. A new laboratory laser setup based on a articulated scanner was used to conduct the experiment, allowing the process speed to be increased by 10,000 times. Liquid aqueous-organic phases were studied using GC-MS analysis methods, the gas atmosphere was studied using a portable quadrupole gas mass spectrometer (MS90-400), solid-phase surfaces were studied using a Scanning electron SUPRA 25 microscope, and gravimetric analysis was used.
The results largely confirmed the assumptions regarding the high catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles formed as a result of two competing reactions occurring simultaneously in the laser beam focus in the solution. These are the reactions of liquid laser ablation of metal (PLAL) and liquid laser deposition of metal (LCLD). These reactions lead to the dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons and water, resulting in the formation of hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons. At the same time, a layer of nanoparticles of deposited metal is formed on the solid surface.
This opens up a new potential application for the process: a laser-assisted method for generating hydrogen with the simultaneous generation of unsaturated hydrocarbons for organic synthesis. This is accompanied by the recovery of trace amounts of precious metals, as demonstrated for gold. All three processes are environmentally friendly, which increases the potential positive impact of their practical application after scale-up.
自20世纪末以来，从溶液中激光沉积金属纳米颗粒的方法被认为是微电子领域各种应用的一种有前景的方法。激光辅助液体沉积的特点是工艺速率非常低（每小时几毫米），且电阻比原始材料高2 - 5个数量级。这为开发高效且具有经济吸引力的技术带来了障碍。近年来，研究人员一直在积极寻找这种有前景方法的其他应用。
因此，我们关注该过程的另一个副作用：反应过程中不饱和烃和氢气的气相活性释放。目标是探索液体介质中激光反应所伴随的有机催化效应在氢能和可控有机合成中的潜在用途。
针对甘油和异丙醇的水 - 有机醇混合物进行实验。使用V、Zr、Pb、Mo、Zn和Nb作为测试纳米催化剂。使用基于关节式扫描仪的新型实验室激光装置进行实验，使工艺速度提高了10000倍。使用气相色谱 - 质谱分析方法研究液体水 - 有机相，使用便携式四极气质谱仪（MS90 - 400）研究气体气氛，使用扫描电子SUPRA 25显微镜研究固相表面，并进行重量分析。
结果在很大程度上证实了关于在溶液中激光束焦点处同时发生的两个竞争反应所形成的金属纳米颗粒具有高催化活性的假设。这两个反应是金属的液体激光烧蚀（PLAL）和金属的液体激光沉积（LCLD）。这些反应导致饱和烃和水脱氢，生成氢气和不饱和烃。同时，在固体表面形成一层沉积金属的纳米颗粒。
这为该过程开辟了一个新的潜在应用：一种激光辅助方法，可在产生用于有机合成的不饱和烃的同时产生氢气。正如对金的证明那样，这还伴随着痕量贵金属的回收。所有这三个过程都是环境友好的，这增加了它们在扩大规模后实际应用的潜在积极影响。
