Murata Yo, Saito Yuya, Horikoshi Yuho, Obonai Toshimasa
Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama-Hokubu Medical Center, Higashimurayama, Japan.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2025 Jan-Dec;67(1):e70138. doi: 10.1111/ped.70138.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic altered the prevalence of respiratory viruses in Japan. The present, retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in pediatric inpatients with a viral respiratory infection at a community hospital in Japan following the termination of NPIs for COVID-19.
The present study, which enrolled pediatric inpatients who underwent multiplex PCR (FilmArray® respiratory panel) testing and were hospitalized for a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) or an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (BA), compared the rate of detection of respiratory viruses in these patients during the implementation of NPIs for COVID-19 (December 2020-March 2022) and after their termination (April 2022-August 2023).
Of 2011 patients, 503 with a LRTI and 175 with BA were included. During and after the COVID-19 restriction period, 191 and 312 patients had a LRTI and 64 and 111 patients had BA, respectively. After the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) were more frequently detected among patients with a LRTI (hMPV: 0% vs. 15%; p < 0.001; PIV: 17% vs. 25%; p = 0.0499). Among the patients with BA, rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were most commonly detected during both periods.
The rate of hospitalization for LRTI or BA increased after the relaxation of NPIs. The rate of detection of hMPV and PIV significantly increased in patients with an LRTI.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间的非药物干预措施（NPIs）改变了日本呼吸道病毒的流行情况。本回顾性研究旨在调查日本一家社区医院在终止COVID-19的NPIs后，患有病毒性呼吸道感染的儿科住院患者中呼吸道病毒的流行情况。
本研究纳入了接受多重PCR（FilmArray®呼吸道检测板）检测并因下呼吸道感染（LRTI）或支气管哮喘（BA）急性加重而住院的儿科住院患者，比较了这些患者在实施COVID-19的NPIs期间（2020年12月至2022年3月）和终止后（2022年4月至2023年8月）呼吸道病毒的检测率。
在2011名患者中，503名患有LRTI，175名患有BA。在COVID-19限制期期间和之后，分别有191名和312名患者患有LRTI，64名和111名患者患有BA。在解除COVID-19限制后，在患有LRTI的患者中，人偏肺病毒（hMPV）和副流感病毒（PIV）的检测频率更高（hMPV：0%对15%；p<0.001；PIV：17%对25%；p=0.0499）。在患有BA的患者中，鼻病毒和肠道病毒在两个时期均最常被检测到。
放松NPIs后，LRTI或BA住院率增加。LRTI患者中hMPV和PIV的检测率显著增加。
