Zhang Zigang, Chen Dongqiong, Li Zhenchao, Mei Shiwei, Xiong Zhihan, Fan Zewei, Shen Jiang, Zhao Li
/ （ 610041） Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2025 Mar 20;56(2):451-457. doi: 10.12182/20250360111.
To investigate the longitudinal relationship between sleep duration (SD) and positive youth development (PYD) among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu city using a cross-lagged model, and to provide scientific evidence for enhancing sleep management practices for students.
A total of 4061 students of grades 3 through 9 from the Chengdu Child Positive Development Cohort were included in this three-wave longitudinal study. There was a one-year interval between one survey and the following round of survey, and the time points for the baseline, 12-month follow-up, and 24-month follow-up surveys were designated T0, T1, and T2. The PYD of the participants was assessed using the Chinese version of the Positive Youth Development Scale. The demographic data and the average daily SD over the past month were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between SD and PYD, and a cross-lagged model was used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between them.
The average daily SD for the 3 rounds of surveys conducted at T0, T1, and T2 was 9.00 (8.04, 10.00) hours, 10.44 (9.67, 11.11) hours, and 10.39 (9.83, 11.00) hours, respectively, while the PYD scores were 5.30 (4.73, 5.71), 5.27 (4.73, 5.73), and 5.39 (4.89, 5.77), respectively. Statistical significance was found in the differences of SD and PYD scores across the 3 rounds ( < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed synchronous correlations between SD and PYD at all three time points ( = 0.10 at T0, = 0.18 at T1, and = 0.21 at T2, < 0.05) and significant lagged correlations (e.g., = 0.10 for T1-PYD and T2-SD, and likewise, significant correlation was found for the 3 other cross-lagged paths). The cross-lagged model demonstrated that PYD at T0 and T1 positively predicted SD at T1 and T2, respectively ( = 0.116 [95% CI, 0.083-0.150], = 0.097 (95% CI, 0.067-0.127), < 0.05), and that SD at T0 and T1 also positively predicted PYD at T1 and T2 ( = 0.028 [95% CI, 0-0.056], = 0.042 [95% CI, 0.010-0.074], < 0.05). According to these findings, a bidirectional predictive relationship between SD and PYD across different time points was observed in primary and secondary school students. Furthermore, PYD demonstrated better performance for predicting SD than SD did for PYD. Subgroup analysis by sex confirmed the robustness of the predictive power of PYD for SD.
This study reveals a positive bidirectional predictive relationship between SD and PYD among primary and secondary school students, suggesting that higher levels of PYD may contribute to adequate sleep. These findings provide critical scientific evidence for schools and families to strengthen sleep management and promote the holistic development and well-being of adolescents.
采用交叉滞后模型探讨成都市中小学生睡眠时间（SD）与青少年积极发展（PYD）之间的纵向关系，为加强学生睡眠管理提供科学依据。
本三波纵向研究纳入了成都儿童积极发展队列中4061名三至九年级学生。每次调查与下一轮调查间隔一年，基线、12个月随访和24个月随访调查的时间点分别指定为T0、T1和T2。采用中文版青少年积极发展量表评估参与者的PYD。收集人口统计学数据和过去一个月的平均每日SD。进行Spearman相关性分析以检验SD与PYD之间的关联，并采用交叉滞后模型研究它们之间的纵向关系。
在T0、T1和T2进行的三轮调查中，平均每日SD分别为9.00（8.04，10.0）小时、10.44（9.67，11.11）小时和10.39（9.83，11.00）小时，而PYD得分分别为5.30（4.73，5.71）、5.27（4.73，5.73）和5.39（4.89，5.77）。在三轮调查中，SD和PYD得分的差异具有统计学意义（<0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示，在所有三个时间点，SD与PYD均存在同步相关性（T0时r = 0.10，T1时r = 0.18，T2时r = 0.21，<0.05）以及显著的滞后相关性（例如，T1 - PYD与T2 - SD的r = 0.10，同样，其他3条交叉滞后路径也存在显著相关性）。交叉滞后模型表明，T0和T1时的PYD分别正向预测T1和T2时的SD（β = 0.116 [95% CI，0.083 - 0.150]，β = 0.097（95% CI，0.067 - 0.127），<0.05），T0和T1时的SD也正向预测T1和T2时的PYD（β = 0.028 [95% CI，0 - 0.056]，β = 0.042 [95% CI，0.010 - 0.074]，<0.05）。根据这些发现，在中小学生中观察到不同时间点SD与PYD之间存在双向预测关系。此外，PYD对SD的预测能力优于SD对PYD的预测能力。按性别进行的亚组分析证实了PYD对SD预测力的稳健性。
本研究揭示了中小学生SD与PYD之间存在积极的双向预测关系，表明较高水平的PYD可能有助于充足睡眠。这些发现为学校和家庭加强睡眠管理、促进青少年的全面发展和幸福提供了关键的科学依据。
