Qiu Lin-Ya, Pu Ya-Juan, Yang Xin-Peng, Zhou Wei-Hua, Yu Xiao-Xue, Jiang Jun-Peng, Wang Yan, Liu Hua-Qing
Gusu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu The People's Republic of China.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 30;8(7):e70989. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70989. eCollection 2025 Jul.
The purpose of this study is to assess the occurrence, progression, and correction of myopia in primary school students in China over the past few years.
This longitudinal cohort study was based on a 5-year follow-up sample of first-year students enrolled in 2019. Data were collected from students' regular physical examinations conducted between September and December every year.
A total of 6790 primary students were included in this analysis, of whom 3658 (53.8%) were boys. The spherical equivalent of students' binocular vision demonstrated a marked annual decline. The myopia rate gradually escalated from 23.4% in Grade 1 to 80.1% in Grade 5. The largest increase, amounting to 30%, occurred during the grade 1-2. A negative correlation was found between the spherical equivalent values and students' height, particularly among girls in grades 4 and 5. In grades 4 and 5, the rate of myopia among girls was approximately 5% higher than that among boys. Among students with moderate to severe myopia, the rate of spectacle wear for vision correction were 21.9%, 47.9%, 58.0%, 67.1%, and 71.5% in grades 1-5, respectively. Among students with spectacle wear, the rate of those with qualified vision correction reaching about 85%.
Over 5 years from 2019 to 2023, the myopia rate among observed primary school students, particularly moderate and severe cases, has been alarmingly high, with inadequate vision correction. Additionally, myopia rates differ among students of various genders and heights.
本研究旨在评估过去几年中国小学生近视的发生、发展及矫正情况。
这项纵向队列研究基于对2019年入学的一年级学生进行的5年随访样本。每年9月至12月期间从学生的常规体检中收集数据。
本分析共纳入6790名小学生，其中男生3658名（53.8%）。学生双眼视力的等效球镜度数呈明显逐年下降。近视率从一年级的23.4%逐渐升至五年级的80.1%。最大增幅达30%，发生在一至二年级期间。等效球镜度数与学生身高呈负相关，尤其是四年级和五年级的女生。在四年级和五年级，女生近视率比男生高约5%。在中度至重度近视的学生中，一至五年级视力矫正配镜率分别为21.9%、47.9%、58.0%、67.1%和71.5%。在配镜的学生中，视力矫正合格的比例约为85%。
从2019年到2023年的5年里，观察到的小学生近视率，尤其是中度和重度病例，高得惊人，且视力矫正不足。此外，不同性别和身高的学生近视率存在差异。
