Kim Hyojin, Shahraki Kourosh, Suh Donny W
Department of Optometry, Graduate School of Christian Studies, Baekseok University, Seocho-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea.
Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine.
J AAPOS. 2024 Aug;28(4):103969. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103969. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
To evaluate gender disparities in the progression of myopia among children and adolescents in South Korea.
Nationwide cross-sectional data of 1,190 subjects aged 10-18 years was obtained for the years of 2011 (baseline) and 2021 using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The prevalence of myopia, as well as data regarding age, household income, height, weight, body mass index, and age of menarche, were evaluated. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.5 D.
The prevalence of myopia among boys was stable in 2021 compared to 2011, with rates of 53.7% and 52.8%, respectively (P = 0.372). Among girls, however, there was a statistically significant increase in myopia prevalence in 2021 compared to 2011, with rates of 73.7% and 51.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. Over 10 years, the adjusted prevalence ratio for myopia in boys was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.77-1.61), whereas myopia prevalence in girls underwent a 1.87-fold increase over the same period (95% CI, 1.30-2.69), and menarche at 12 years of age or older was associated with less myopia in girls (PR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99). The spherical equivalent refraction in girls increased significantly over the same 10-year period, from -1.09 ± 0.13 D to -1.58 ± 0.17 D (P < 0.017), whereas in boys, there was no significant difference (P = 0.604).
In our study cohort, the prevalence of myopia increased significantly among girls compared with boys over the course of decade. Additionally, an association between early menarche in girls and the prevalence of myopia was observed.
评估韩国儿童和青少年近视进展中的性别差异。
利用韩国国家健康与营养检查调查，获取了2011年（基线）和2021年1190名10至18岁受试者的全国横断面数据。评估了近视患病率以及年龄、家庭收入、身高、体重、体重指数和月经初潮年龄等数据。近视定义为等效球镜度（SE）≤ -0.5D。
与2011年相比，2021年男孩的近视患病率稳定，分别为53.7%和52.8%（P = 0.372）。然而，与2011年相比，2021年女孩的近视患病率有统计学显著增加，分别为73.7%和51.6%（P < 0.001）。在10年期间，男孩近视的校正患病率比为1.11（95%置信区间，0.77 - 1.61），而女孩的近视患病率在同一时期增加了1.87倍（95%置信区间，1.30 - 2.69），12岁及以上月经初潮与女孩近视较少相关（PR = 0.84；95%置信区间，0.72 - 0.99）。在相同的10年期间，女孩的等效球镜度屈光显著增加，从 -1.09 ± 0.13D增加到 -1.58 ± 0.17D（P < 0.017），而男孩则无显著差异（P = 0.604）。
在我们的研究队列中，在十年间女孩的近视患病率比男孩显著增加。此外，观察到女孩月经初潮早与近视患病率之间存在关联。
