Demarquoy Jean
Université de Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro-INRAe, UMR PAM, 21000 Dijon, France.
AIMS Microbiol. 2025 Jun 9;11(2):388-409. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025018. eCollection 2025.
Microplastics (MPs), synthetic polymer particles less than 5 mm in size, are an emerging contaminant with implications for both human and ecosystem health. Being widespread in food and water sources, MPs can disrupt gastrointestinal integrity, alter the microbiota composition, and provoke oxidative and inflammatory responses. Probiotics, live microorganisms known for their gut health benefits, are now being explored for their ability to mitigate these effects. This review synthesizes evidence from and studies on how MPs impact probiotic viability, adhesion, and biofilm formation, and how certain strains may counter MP-induced toxicity by modulating oxidative stress, immune function, and the epithelial barrier integrity. Additionally, this manuscript discusses emerging applications in environmental microbiology, such as the potential use of native and engineered probiotics for microplastic bioremediation. Although the current data highlight promising avenues, key gaps remain in our understanding of strain-specific mechanisms, long-term efficacy, and real-world applicability. Addressing these will be essential to advance probiotic-based strategies in both human and environmental contexts.
微塑料（MPs）是尺寸小于5毫米的合成聚合物颗粒，是一种新兴污染物，对人类和生态系统健康都有影响。微塑料广泛存在于食物和水源中，会破坏胃肠道完整性，改变微生物群组成，并引发氧化和炎症反应。益生菌是已知对肠道健康有益的活微生物，目前正在探索其减轻这些影响的能力。这篇综述综合了来自 和 的研究证据，内容涉及微塑料如何影响益生菌的活力、黏附及生物膜形成，以及某些菌株如何通过调节氧化应激、免疫功能和上皮屏障完整性来对抗微塑料诱导的毒性。此外，本文还讨论了环境微生物学中的新兴应用，例如天然和工程益生菌在微塑料生物修复中的潜在用途。尽管目前的数据突出了有前景的途径，但我们对菌株特异性机制、长期疗效和实际适用性的理解仍存在关键差距。解决这些问题对于在人类和环境背景下推进基于益生菌的策略至关重要。
