Jameel Sana, Razi Tuba, Fatima Gulafshan, Khan Abiha Ahmad, Naaz Syeda Aamena, Meraj Hina
Niswan-wa-Qabalat (Obstetrics & Gynecology), Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2025 Jun 24. doi: 10.2174/0115748871357938250612102627.
Lifestyle interventions have been increasingly studied for their potential to improve health outcomes in breast cancer survivors. However, the relative effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various lifestyle changes on the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors.
A comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving breast cancer survivors was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were selected based on their evaluation of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing breast cancer risk and its recurrence and or improving survival. Non-RCTs and studies focusing solely on pharmacological or genetic interventions were excluded. The risk of bias in included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2). The results of the included studies were presented in tabulated form.
Physical activity emerged as the most effective intervention, significantly enhancing metabolic health, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Dietary changes and weight management programs provided secondary health benefits, such as modest improvements in diet quality, metabolic markers, and quality of life. The combined intervention of diet and exercise further improved these outcomes although it did not significantly reduce cancer recurrence. The digital support system (EMPOWER-SMS) was feasible and acceptable, offering minor improvements in medication adherence and self-efficacy, though its effects on BMI and quality of life were less pronounced.
Among the various lifestyle interventions explored for breast cancer survivors, physical activity consistently emerged as the most effective in improving health outcomes. While dietary changes, weight management, and combined interventions also offered health benefits, their direct impact on key outcomes like cancer recurrence and survival was less clear. However, when integrated with regular exercise, these interventions contributed to holistic improvements in quality of life, making a combined approach potentially the most comprehensive for supporting breast cancer survivors. This systematic review's limitations include intervention heterogeneity, varied follow-up durations, inconsistent outcome measures, small sample sizes, lack of control over confounding variables, limited participant diversity, potential publication bias, and a focus on short-term outcomes.
Physical activity emerged as the most beneficial lifestyle intervention for breast cancer survivors, particularly when combined with dietary modifications and weight management. A holistic approach that integrates physical activity, dietary changes, and digital support may provide the most comprehensive benefits for breast cancer survivors.
生活方式干预对改善乳腺癌幸存者健康状况的潜力已得到越来越多的研究。然而，这些干预措施的相对有效性仍不明确。本研究旨在评估各种生活方式改变对乳腺癌幸存者健康状况的影响。
对包括PubMed、Scopus、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆和ClinicalTrials.gov在内的主要数据库中涉及乳腺癌幸存者的随机对照试验（RCT）进行了全面分析。根据对旨在降低乳腺癌风险及其复发率和/或提高生存率的生活方式干预措施的评估来选择研究。排除非随机对照试验和仅关注药物或基因干预的研究。使用Cochrane偏倚风险2（RoB 2）评估纳入的随机对照试验中的偏倚风险。纳入研究的结果以表格形式呈现。
体育活动是最有效的干预措施，能显著改善代谢健康、身体成分和心肺功能。饮食改变和体重管理计划带来了次要的健康益处，如饮食质量、代谢指标和生活质量略有改善。饮食和运动的联合干预进一步改善了这些结果，尽管它并没有显著降低癌症复发率。数字支持系统（EMPOWER-SMS）是可行且可接受的，在药物依从性和自我效能方面有小幅改善，但其对体重指数和生活质量的影响不太明显。
在为乳腺癌幸存者探索的各种生活方式干预措施中，体育活动始终是改善健康状况最有效的措施。虽然饮食改变、体重管理和联合干预也带来了健康益处，但它们对癌症复发和生存等关键结果的直接影响尚不清楚。然而，当与定期锻炼相结合时，这些干预措施有助于全面改善生活质量，使综合方法可能成为支持乳腺癌幸存者最全面的方法。本系统评价的局限性包括干预措施的异质性、随访时间不同、结果测量不一致、样本量小、对混杂变量缺乏控制、参与者多样性有限、潜在的发表偏倚以及对短期结果的关注。
体育活动是对乳腺癌幸存者最有益的生活方式干预措施，特别是与饮食调整和体重管理相结合时。将体育活动、饮食改变和数字支持相结合的整体方法可能为乳腺癌幸存者提供最全面的益处。
