Ye Bei, Wang Wen-Long, Ouyang Wan-Yue, Wu De-Xiu, Lee Min-Yong, Wu Qian-Yuan
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
MINGYANG Smart Energy Group Beijing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Nov;157:558-566. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.11.006. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
Aldehydes have attracted increasing attention owing to their odor and potential carcinogenicity. Because aldehydes are formed during oxidation processes (e.g., ozonation and chlorination) and easily penetrate reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, they are the main organic substances in RO permeates designated for potable reuse. In this study, peroxydisulfate (PDS) was combined with VUV/UV (185/254 nm) irradiation (VUV/UV/PDS) to generate multiple reactive species, including ⋅OH and SO, for the elimination of acetaldehyde (CHCHO) and mineralization of organic matters. With VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS, 99 % of CHCHO was eliminated within 6 and 1.5 min, respectively, which were approximately 2-fold and 7-fold more efficient with VUV/UV. Additionally, with VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS, the proportions of total organic carbon mineralized were 90.7 % and 93.7 %, respectively. In contrast to VUV/UV, VUV/UV/PDS rapidly mineralized CHCHO without the obvious accumulation of acetate or oxalate. The computational toxicity assessment indicated that the organic substances generated during VUV/UV/PDS posed lower potential risks to various organisms than those generated during VUV/UV. Moreover, the energy efficiency of VUV/UV/PDS was greater than that of VUV/UV. This study demonstrated that VUV/UV/PDS is a promising alternative treatment for the elimination of aldehydes in RO permeates designated for potable reuse.
醛类因其气味和潜在致癌性而受到越来越多的关注。由于醛类在氧化过程（如臭氧化和氯化）中形成，且容易穿透反渗透（RO）膜，它们是用于饮用水回用的RO渗透液中的主要有机物质。在本研究中，过二硫酸盐（PDS）与VUV/UV（185/254 nm）辐照（VUV/UV/PDS）相结合，以产生多种活性物种，包括·OH和SO，用于消除乙醛（CH₃CHO）和有机物矿化。在0.05和0.5 mmol/L PDS的VUV/UV/PDS条件下，分别在6分钟和1.5分钟内消除了99%的CH₃CHO，这比单独的VUV/UV效率分别提高了约2倍和7倍。此外，在0.05和0.5 mmol/L PDS的VUV/UV/PDS条件下，总有机碳矿化的比例分别为90.7%和93.7%。与VUV/UV相比，VUV/UV/PDS能快速矿化CH₃CHO，且没有明显的乙酸盐或草酸盐积累。计算毒性评估表明，VUV/UV/PDS过程中产生的有机物质对各种生物的潜在风险低于VUV/UV过程中产生的有机物质。此外，VUV/UV/PDS的能量效率高于VUV/UV。本研究表明，VUV/UV/PDS是一种有前景的替代处理方法，用于消除用于饮用水回用的RO渗透液中的醛类。
