Komatsu Hideyuki, Sugimoto Takuya, Ogata Yuzuru, Miura Takahito, Aida Masanori, Nishiyama Hiroyuki, Kawai Mitsuhisa, Yano Yukihiro, Mori Masahide, Shishido Yoshiyuki
Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan.
Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, NHO Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08049-4.
Despite the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of lung cancer, the number of deaths from lung cancer remains high, and further improvements in response rates are necessary. Recently, the gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the therapeutic effects of ICIs; however, only a few studies have examined patients with lung cancer in this context. In the current study, we aimed to explore the association between the gut microbiota before therapy and the efficacy of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The a-diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients who responded to ICI treatment (responders) was significantly higher than that in those who did not respond to ICIs (non-responders). Additionally, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the responders than in the non-responders. Furthermore, patients with a high abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae had significantly longer overall survival than those with a low abundance. Counts of Levilactobacillus brevis were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. Our findings suggest that a higher diversity of the gut microbiota and an abundance of Bifidobacterium and/or L. brevis are distinctive features of the microbiota in patients with NSCLC who respond to ICI treatment.
尽管免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）已被引入肺癌治疗，但肺癌死亡人数仍然居高不下，因此有必要进一步提高缓解率。最近，有报道称肠道微生物群与ICIs的治疗效果有关；然而，在这种情况下，只有少数研究对肺癌患者进行了检查。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨治疗前肠道微生物群与晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者ICIs疗效之间的关联。对ICI治疗有反应的患者（反应者）肠道微生物群的α多样性显著高于对ICIs无反应的患者（无反应者）。此外，反应者中双歧杆菌科的丰度显著高于无反应者。此外，双歧杆菌科丰度高的患者总生存期明显长于丰度低的患者。短乳杆菌的计数在反应者中显著高于无反应者。我们的研究结果表明，肠道微生物群的较高多样性以及双歧杆菌和/或短乳杆菌的丰度是对ICI治疗有反应的NSCLC患者微生物群的显著特征。
