Unraveling the Regulatory Function of MicroRNAs in Reproductive System Apoptosis and Their Implications for Infertility.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression and are essential in numerous biological functions, including reproductive functions. Alterations in miRNA expression can affect ovarian function, sperm development, and implantation processes, potentially leading to different diseases and consequently infertility. Researches have indicated that certain microRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of hormones and proteins that are vital for reproductive processes, suggesting that dysregulation of these miRNAs may contribute to infertility in both men and women. Some miRNAs are able to promote apoptosis, while others may inhibit this process. They can control the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death, thereby influencing the health of oocytes and sperm. Dysfunction of some micro RNAs may lead to increased apoptosis and decreased fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate microRNAs involved in the regulation of apoptosis in male and female reproductive system cells, and to evaluate their association with infertility-related disorders.