Airport microgrid control using integral-of-absolute-error having high renewable penetration.

The serious concern about the continuous depletion of fossil fuels and their environmental impact has drawn the focus of researchers worldwide, towards the renewable energy sector. Renewable resources are being penetrated into microgrids on a larger scale in order to manage sustainable financial and environmental viability. Increased penetration of renewable resources has increased the operational challenges associated with it. Moreover, the stochastic nature of renewable resources with the combined effect of load disturbances, causes frequency deviation at a considerable scale. Minimization of frequency deviation is a crucial task for maintaining the stability of airport microgrid (AP[Formula: see text]). To deal with the aforementioned operational challenges, in this article, frequency deviation is managed by designing the PID controller employing integral absolute error (IAE) for an AP[Formula: see text] system. Firstly, the overall transfer function (OATrFn) for AP[Formula: see text] system is obtained by modeling and combining each component. For easier and more efficient analytical study cum controller design, the first order plus delay time (FOPDT) model is obtained for the AP[Formula: see text] system. A detailed analysis in terms of frequency deviation and controller effort is carried out for AP[Formula: see text] system with and without a PID controller to validate the impact of a PID controller in maintaining the frequency stability of AP[Formula: see text] system. Further, a comparative study for the same system is performed considering the integral time absolute error (ITAE) as a main design criterion. Tabular data and various plots validate the superiority of IAE driven PID controller over ITAE-PID controller to maintain frequency stability. Furthermore, a bar plot is plotted to provide a comparative analysis among various error indices in the form of frequency deviations.