Arrazuria R, Oyanguren M, Molina E, Mugica M, Gunapati B, Subbian S, Lavin J L, Anguita J, Elguezabal N
Department of Animal Health, NEIKER -Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain.
Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06860-7.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective tools for PTB control, although alternative treatments like the probiotic Dietzia have been explored with promising results. Using a rabbit model, we investigated the association of immunological and microbiota profiles in Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) with the effects in protection induced by the administration of Dietzia spp., the commercial vaccine (Silirum ) and the combination of both. The treatment with the probiotic diminished inflammation, but failed to control Map burden, suggesting a detrimental effect. Rabbits treated with the probiotic presented the highest rates of tissue lesion extension, although the immunological profile was not suggestive of an inflammatory state. Map load in both vaccinated groups was similar indicating that both treatments are equally effective in eliminating the infection, suggesting the role of vaccination in eliminating the infection prevails over the immunomodulatory effects of the probiotic. There were slight variations in the presence of some taxonomic groups depending on the treatment, highlighting the complexity of microbial interactions and the need to optimise treatment combinations in the context of each disease and animal species.
副结核病（PTB）是由副结核分枝杆菌（Map）引起的一种慢性肉芽肿性肠炎。疫苗接种是控制PTB最具成本效益的工具之一，尽管像益生菌Dietzia这样的替代疗法已被探索并取得了有希望的结果。我们使用兔模型，研究了肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）中的免疫和微生物群特征与给予Dietzia spp.、商业疫苗（Silirum）以及两者组合所诱导的保护作用之间的关联。益生菌治疗减轻了炎症，但未能控制Map负荷，提示有有害作用。接受益生菌治疗的兔子组织病变扩展率最高，尽管其免疫特征并不提示处于炎症状态。两个接种疫苗组的Map载量相似，表明两种治疗在消除感染方面同样有效，这表明疫苗接种在消除感染方面的作用胜过益生菌的免疫调节作用。根据治疗方法的不同，某些分类群的存在略有差异，这突出了微生物相互作用的复杂性以及在每种疾病和动物物种背景下优化治疗组合的必要性。
