Wang Jingyi, Zhao Wenqing, Chang Fangguo, Yang Haicheng, Jiao Fangju, Wang Fang, Peng Yunling
College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):831. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06842-x.
Maize common smut is a common disease caused by Ustilago maydis, can cause serious damage to the yield and quality of maize. To elucidate the genetic mechanism of resistance to maize smut disease, and to discover the relevant resistance genes, which have important scientific implications for maize resistance breeding. This study used the high-resistance maize variety Qi319 and the high-susceptibility variety Ye478 as materials, and constructed different segregating populations through hybridization, backcrossing, and other methods. Through field artificial inoculation and disease resistance identification, the six population (P, P, F, F, BCP, BCP) constructed was subjected to genetic and correlation analysis using a plant "quantitative trait main gene + multi gene mixed genetic model". The results showed that the optimal genetic model for maize resistance of U. maydis is MX2-ADI-ADI, the resistance of maize to U. maydis was mainly controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-superior main genes + additive-dominant-superior polygenic genes. The heritabilities of major genes of F, BCP and BCP were 69.24%, 57.89% and 54.09%, respectively, indicating that the resistance of the variety Qi319 to U. maydis was transmitted steadily to the progeny. The resistance/susceptibility pool was constructed from F population constructed by parents, a total of 6 candidate intervals were located on chromosomes 4, 6, 7 and 10, with a total length of 51.23Mb and containing 3723 genes by BSA-seq analysis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that photosynthesis, plant pathogen interaction, carbon sequestration of photosynthetic organisms, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signal transduction and other pathways may be involved in the metabolic regulation of Qi319 resistance to U. maydis. The results laid a theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular mechanism of maize resistance to powdery mildew and cloning the resistance gene.
玉米丝黑穗病是由玉米黑粉菌引起的一种常见病害，会对玉米的产量和品质造成严重损害。为阐明玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性遗传机制，发掘相关抗性基因，对玉米抗性育种具有重要科学意义。本研究以高抗玉米品种齐319和高感品种掖478为材料，通过杂交、回交等方法构建不同分离群体。通过田间人工接种和抗病性鉴定，对构建的6个群体（P、P、F、F、BCP、BCP）采用植物“数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型”进行遗传和相关性分析。结果表明，玉米对玉米黑粉菌抗性的最优遗传模型为MX2-ADI-ADI，玉米对玉米黑粉菌的抗性主要受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制。F、BCP和BCP主基因的遗传力分别为69.24%、57.89%和54.09%，表明齐319品种对玉米黑粉菌的抗性能稳定遗传给后代。利用亲本构建的F群体构建抗感池，通过BSA-seq分析在第4、6、7和10号染色体上共定位到6个候选区间，总长51.23Mb，包含3723个基因。转录组测序分析表明，光合作用、植物-病原体互作、光合生物的碳固定、植物激素信号转导、MAPK信号转导等途径可能参与齐319对玉米黑粉菌抗性的代谢调控。研究结果为分析玉米抗丝黑穗病的分子机制和克隆抗性基因奠定了理论基础。
