Li Fei, Liu Xiaolei, Gong Shuo, Li Peng, Gao Yumei, Guo Xueyan, Zheng Wenjun, Chen Ying
Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Clinical College Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu, Henan Province, China.
Departments of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):686. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07767-x.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is recognized as a significant risk factor for adverse health effects, however, its association with perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes remains incompletely understood. Elucidation of this relationship is critical for enhancing perinatal healthcare strategies.
This research employed a retrospective analysis of patient data from the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu and Henan Children's Hospital, covering the period from February 1, 2018, to December 30, 2022. The study cohort consisted of 13,828 patients who underwent either vaginal or cesarean delivery, patients were categorized based on their delivery method (vaginal or cesarean) and PM2.5 exposure levels (< 50 µg/m3, 50-100 µg/m3, > 100 µg/m3). The study compared perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes among these groups.
PM2.5 exposure was associated with a significant rise in gestational hypertension across both delivery modes. In the cesarean delivery group, higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased incidence of oligohydramnios (p = 0.006). Furthermore, lower birth weights were consistently observed within groups subject to higher PM2.5 exposure, irrespective of the mode of delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between elevated PM2.5 exposure levels and an increased risk of gestational hypertension (p < 0.001). Linear analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between elevated PM2.5 exposure levels and neonatal birth weight (p < 0.001). The adjusted Generalized Additive Model (GAM) suggested a non-linear pattern, indicating potential thresholds between PM2.5 exposure and the measured outcomes.
The exposure level of PM2.5 is significantly correlated with an increased incidence of gestational hypertension and a decrease in birth weight, it is essential for obstetricians to incorporate air quality considerations into the framework of prenatal care.
细颗粒物（PM2.5）被认为是对健康产生不良影响的重要风险因素，然而，其与围产期并发症及新生儿结局之间的关联仍未被完全理解。阐明这种关系对于加强围产期保健策略至关重要。
本研究对商丘市第一人民医院和河南省儿童医院2018年2月1日至2022年12月30日期间的患者数据进行回顾性分析。研究队列包括13828例经阴道分娩或剖宫产的患者，根据分娩方式（阴道分娩或剖宫产）和PM2.5暴露水平（<50μg/m3、50 - 100μg/m3、>100μg/m3）对患者进行分类。本研究比较了这些组之间的围产期并发症和新生儿结局。
两种分娩方式下，PM2.5暴露均与妊娠期高血压的显著增加相关。在剖宫产组中，较高的PM2.5暴露与羊水过少发生率增加相关（p = 0.006）。此外，无论分娩方式如何，在PM2.5暴露较高的组中始终观察到较低的出生体重。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，PM2.5暴露水平升高与妊娠期高血压风险增加之间存在显著相关性（p < 0.001）。线性分析表明，PM2.5暴露水平升高与新生儿出生体重呈负相关（p < 0.001）。调整后的广义相加模型（GAM）显示出非线性模式，表明PM2.5暴露与所测结局之间可能存在阈值。
PM2.5暴露水平与妊娠期高血压发生率增加和出生体重降低显著相关，产科医生将空气质量考虑纳入产前保健框架至关重要。
