Li Hang, Zhang Yu, He Qiying, Gu Peng, Fu Qin, Xie Dandan
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for kidney, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Clinic Medical College, Dental Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):1049. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06436-x.
Oral diseases can affect organs throughout the body. A healthy oral condition is an important part of maintaining overall health. Oral health literacy and self-efficacy contribute to promoting oral health. However, few studies have reported the oral health literacy and oral health-related self-efficacy of inpatients and the influence mechanism on the oral health-related quality of life is also unclear.
To explore the mediating effect of oral health-related self-efficacy (OHRSE) of inpatients on oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
In January 2025, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 449 inpatients in 10 public hospitals in eastern Sichuan (Guang 'an and Dazhou), western Sichuan (Chengdu and Deyang), southern Sichuan (Neijiang, Leshan, Panzhihu and Zigong), and northern Sichuan (Guangyuan and Nanchong) using the Short Form of Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14), the Geriatric Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Health (GSEOH) and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). T-test and ANOVA were used for inter-group comparison, Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among OHL, OHRSE and OHRQoL, and linear regression and Model 4 of Process v4.2 macro program were used to conduct significance test on the mediating effect of OHRSE between inpatients' OHL and OHRQoL.
Among 449 inpatients,71.8% were female, and 80.3% of the inpatients reported no oral related diseases. The scores of their OHL, OHRSE and OHRQoL were 51.14 ± 9.97, 58.67 ± 10.27 and 49.60 ± 9.61 respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients of patients' OHL andOHRSE, OHL and OHRQoL, OHRSE and OHRQoL are 0.608, 0.383, 0.383, and p < 0.001. OHRSE was the mediating variable of OHL and OHRQoL, the direct effect (β = 0.229, 95% CI: 0.127-0.331, p < 0.001) and the mediating effect (β = 0.140, 95% CI: 0.074-0.217, p < 0.001) accounted for 62.15% and 37.85% of the total effect (β = 0.369, 95% CI: 0.286-0.451, p < 0.001), respectively.
Medical institutions and medical staff can promote inpatients' oral health-related quality of life by taking measures to improve the inpatients' oral health literacy or enhance their oral - related self - efficacy.
口腔疾病会影响全身各个器官。健康的口腔状况是维持整体健康的重要组成部分。口腔健康素养和自我效能有助于促进口腔健康。然而，很少有研究报道住院患者的口腔健康素养以及与口腔健康相关的自我效能，并且其对口腔健康相关生活质量的影响机制也尚不清楚。
探讨住院患者的口腔健康相关自我效能（OHRSE）在口腔健康素养（OHL）与口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）之间的中介作用。
2025年1月，采用简化版口腔健康素养量表（HeLD-14）、老年口腔健康自我效能量表（GSEOH）和老年口腔健康评估指数（GOHAI），对川东（广安、达州）、川西（成都、德阳）、川南（内江、乐山、攀枝花、自贡）和川北（广元、南充）10家公立医院的449名住院患者进行横断面调查。采用t检验和方差分析进行组间比较，Pearson相关分析探讨OHL、OHRSE和OHRQoL之间的关系，采用线性回归和Process v4.2宏程序模型4对OHRSE在住院患者OHL和OHRQoL之间的中介作用进行显著性检验。
449名住院患者中，女性占71.8%，80.3%的住院患者报告无口腔相关疾病。他们的OHL、OHRSE和OHRQoL得分分别为51.14±9.97、58.67±10.27和49.60±9.61。患者的OHL与OHRSE、OHL与OHRQoL、OHRSE与OHRQoL的Pearson相关系数分别为0.608、0.383、0.383，P<0.001。OHRSE是OHL和OHRQoL的中介变量，直接效应（β = 0.229，95%CI：0.127 - 0.331，P<0.001）和中介效应（β = 0.140，95%CI：0.074 - 0.217，P<0.001）分别占总效应（β = 0.369，95%CI：0.286 - 0.451，P<0.001）的62.15%和37.85%。
医疗机构和医务人员可通过采取措施提高住院患者的口腔健康素养或增强其口腔相关自我效能，来促进住院患者的口腔健康相关生活质量。
