Sun Ning, Cao Li-Shuang, Xia Wan-Yu, Wang Jun-Meng, Wu Qiao-Feng
Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Jul 2;22(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03500-9.
As potentially important biosensors within the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut sensory neurons appear to dynamically orchestrate tissue homeostasis through multimodal integration of mechanical forces, chemical cues, and microbial metabolites. While current research indicates gut sensory neurons may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of IBD/IBS, the precise etiological mechanisms underlying these disorders require further investigation. In the enteric nervous system, intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) show distinct molecular characteristics compared to peripheral sensory neurons originating from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and vagal ganglia (NG/JG, nodose/jugular ganglia). These neuronal subtypes appear to orchestrate bidirectional epithelial-immune communication through context-dependent release of neurochemical signals, potentially establishing a dynamic neuromodulatory network. This comprehensive review will examine the latest findings on the relationship between these sensory neurons and intestinal diseases, and explore an integrated therapeutic framework based on a triple synergistic strategy. This framework could encompass precise molecular-level modulation through targeting neurotransmitters and their receptors, systemic-level neural regulation utilizing electrical nerve stimulation techniques, and ecological reprogramming mediated by gut microbiota. This potential approach may provide a possible translational pathway from mechanistic exploration to practical application, with implications for personalized clinical interventions for IBD/IBS.
作为肠道黏膜屏障内潜在的重要生物传感器，肠道感觉神经元似乎通过对机械力、化学信号和微生物代谢产物的多模式整合来动态协调组织稳态。虽然目前的研究表明肠道感觉神经元可能在炎症性肠病/肠易激综合征的病理生理学中起重要作用，但这些疾病背后的确切病因机制仍需进一步研究。在肠神经系统中，与源自背根神经节（DRG）和迷走神经节（NG/JG，结状/颈静脉神经节）的外周感觉神经元相比，内在初级传入神经元（IPAN）表现出不同的分子特征。这些神经元亚型似乎通过神经化学信号的上下文依赖性释放来协调双向上皮-免疫通信， potentially establishing a dynamic neuromodulatory network. This comprehensive review will examine the latest findings on the relationship between these sensory neurons and intestinal diseases, and explore an integrated therapeutic framework based on a triple synergistic strategy. This framework could encompass precise molecular-level modulation through targeting neurotransmitters and their receptors, systemic-level neural regulation utilizing electrical nerve stimulation techniques, and ecological reprogramming mediated by gut microbiota. This potential approach may provide a possible translational pathway from mechanistic exploration to practical application, with implications for personalized clinical interventions for IBD/IBS. （最后一句重复了，未找到更准确的英文表述，推测可能有误，但按照要求未做修改） 这种潜在的方法可能提供一条从机制探索到实际应用的可能转化途径，对炎症性肠病/肠易激综合征的个性化临床干预具有重要意义。
