Zhou Yimiao, Bai Ying, Liang Yixin, Yang Kunyi, Yang Yong
School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430074, China.
The School of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Daehak-Ro, Gunsan-Si, Jeollabuk-do , 54150, Korea.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jul 2;17(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01219-x.
To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular training (NT) on tennis performance metrics and determine the influence of age, training variables, and NT modalities.
This systematic review and meta-analysis involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from inception to October 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing neuromuscular training (NT) modalities-plyometric training (PT), resistance training (RT), and core stability training (CT)-with conventional training in tennis players were included, focusing on outcomes such as service velocity, service precision, agility, sprint performance, muscular strength, and power. Study quality was assessed with ROB2 tool, and evidence certainty graded through GRADE framework. Statistical synthesis was performed using R software (Version 4.4.1) with 'metafor' and 'gemtc' package, calculating Hedges' g effect sizes for outcomes.
Twenty-three studies involving 743 participants demonstrated that NT significantly improved service velocity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.99), agility (SMD = -0.64; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.35), sprint performance (SMD = -0.33; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.07), muscular strength (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.80), and power (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.08). However, no significant improvement was observed in service precision (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.86; p = 0.1126). Furthermore, age appeared to play a role, as players over 18 years showed greater gains in service velocity and power compared to their younger counterparts. Regarding training duration, interventions lasting over 12 weeks (> 24 sessions) did not provide additional benefits in agility and sprint performance. Interestingly, a training frequency of twice per week proved more effective than three times per week for improving sprint performance. When analyzing training modalities, PT emerged as the most effective for enhancing service velocity, sprint performance, and power. On the other hand, CT was found to be optimal for improving agility, while RT yielded the greatest gains in muscular strength.
NT effectively enhances key performance metrics in tennis players, with outcomes influenced by age, training variables, and NT modality. Coaches should tailor NT programs to the athlete's age and specific performance goals, emphasizing PT for explosive actions, CT for agility, and RT for strength.
评估神经肌肉训练（NT）对网球运动表现指标的影响，并确定年龄、训练变量和NT方式的影响。
本系统评价和荟萃分析全面检索了从起始到2024年10月的PubMed、MEDLINE、Embase、谷歌学术和科学网。纳入了比较网球运动员神经肌肉训练（NT）方式——增强式训练（PT）、阻力训练（RT）和核心稳定性训练（CT）与传统训练的随机对照试验，重点关注发球速度、发球精度、敏捷性、短跑成绩、肌肉力量和功率等结果。使用ROB2工具评估研究质量，并通过GRADE框架对证据确定性进行分级。使用R软件（版本4.4.1）和“metafor”及“gemtc”包进行统计合成，计算结果的Hedges' g效应量。
23项涉及743名参与者的研究表明，NT显著提高了发球速度（标准化均值差[SMD]=0.72；95%可信区间，0.47至0.99）、敏捷性（SMD=-0.64；95%可信区间，-0.92至-0.35）、短跑成绩（SMD=-0.33；95%可信区间，-0.60至-0.07）、肌肉力量（SMD=0.57；95%可信区间，0.35至0.80）和功率（SMD=0.74；95%可信区间，0.41至1.08）。然而，发球精度没有显著提高（SMD=0.36；95%可信区间，-0.13至0.86；p=0.1126）。此外，年龄似乎起到了作用，18岁以上的球员在发球速度和功率方面比年轻球员有更大的提升。关于训练持续时间，持续超过12周（>24节）的干预在敏捷性和短跑成绩方面没有提供额外的益处。有趣的是，每周训练两次被证明比每周训练三次在提高短跑成绩方面更有效。在分析训练方式时，PT被证明是提高发球速度、短跑成绩和功率最有效的方式。另一方面，CT被发现是提高敏捷性的最佳方式，而RT在肌肉力量方面的提升最大。
NT有效地提高了网球运动员的关键运动表现指标，其结果受年龄、训练变量和NT方式的影响。教练应根据运动员的年龄和特定运动表现目标量身定制NT计划，强调PT用于爆发性动作，CT用于敏捷性，RT用于力量。
