Xia Fanya, Smith Jacob, Rai Vikrant, Agrawal Devendra K
Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA.
Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2025;9(2):82-88. Epub 2025 Mar 11.
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is created in end-stage renal disease patients for hemodialysis. AVF maturation failure is a common complication due to thrombosis and stenosis of the vessels involved in AVF. Chronic inflammation along with perivascular cuffing plays a critical role in AVF maturation failure. Luminal as well as periluminal factors with the involvement of transcription and epigenetic factors play a critical role in AVF maturation failure. Our previous study reported MYOD1, a factor associated with muscle regeneration and increased with muscle injury, as a significantly increased transcription factor in AVF arteries compared to control. This study aims to characterize the perivascular and vascular AVF tissues for the expression of MYOD1, mediators of inflammation, immune cell markers, and apoptosis markers with the hypothesis that muscle injury mediates the recruitment of immune cells and activation of apoptosis leading to increased apoptosis and vascular thrombosis and fibrosis of perivascular structures. Previously collected tissues from Yucatan miniswine were stained and analyzed, and the results revealed increased expression of mediators of inflammation, immune cell markers, and apoptosis markers in association with increased MYOD1 expression. The findings suggest an interaction between the expression of perivascular factors and luminal factors, but further investigations using in-vitro studies are needed to establish this relationship.
动静脉内瘘（AVF）是为终末期肾病患者进行血液透析而建立的。AVF成熟失败是一种常见并发症，原因是参与AVF的血管发生血栓形成和狭窄。慢性炎症以及血管周围套袖在AVF成熟失败中起关键作用。管腔以及管腔周围因素，连同转录和表观遗传因素的参与，在AVF成熟失败中起关键作用。我们之前的研究报告称，MYOD1是一种与肌肉再生相关且随肌肉损伤而增加的因子，与对照组相比，它在AVF动脉中是一种显著增加的转录因子。本研究旨在对血管周围和血管性AVF组织进行表征，以检测MYOD1、炎症介质、免疫细胞标志物和凋亡标志物的表达，其假设是肌肉损伤介导免疫细胞的募集和凋亡的激活，导致细胞凋亡增加以及血管周围结构的血管血栓形成和纤维化。对先前从尤卡坦小型猪收集的组织进行染色和分析，结果显示炎症介质、免疫细胞标志物和凋亡标志物的表达增加，且与MYOD1表达增加相关。这些发现表明血管周围因子和管腔因子的表达之间存在相互作用，但需要使用体外研究进行进一步调查以确立这种关系。
