Undem Karina, Leinonen Taina, Falkstedt Daniel, Johansson Gun, Pedersen Jacob, Viikari-Juntura Eira, Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind, Solovieva Svetlana
National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, PB 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2025 Sep 1;51(5):423-432. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4239. Epub 2025 Jul 3.
Risk of exit from work is both occupation- and country-specific. This study investigated occupational differences in working life expectancy (WLE) and reasons for working years lost (WYL) among employed workers in three Nordic countries.
We utilized registry-based cohorts of the employed population in Denmark (N=2 383 657), Finland (N=1 266 705) and Norway (N=1 761 166) to estimate WLE for ages 30-65 using the Sullivan method with 2015 data. We further estimated WYL due to sickness absence, unemployment, disability retirement, old-age retirement and other reasons. The analyses were stratified by gender and major occupational group (1st digit in the ISCO-88 code).
Occupational differences in WLE and WYL were observed in all countries. The overall pattern across the countries showed that legislators, senior officials and managers and professionals generally had high WLE, while service and sales workers and employees in manual occupations tended to have lower WLE, with employees in elementary occupations performing the worst. Reasons for WYL varied with country. In general, disability retirement was a significant factor in Denmark, unemployment in Finland, and sickness absence in Norway.
A similar occupational pattern in WLE was observed across the countries, with some occupational groups consistently showing high or low WLE. However, the magnitude of occupational differences in WLE and the reasons for WYL varied across the countries.
离职风险因职业和国家而异。本研究调查了三个北欧国家在职员工工作预期寿命（WLE）的职业差异以及工作年限损失（WYL）的原因。
我们利用丹麦（N = 2383657）、芬兰（N = 1266705）和挪威（N = 1761166）基于登记的就业人群队列，采用沙利文方法，利用2015年数据估计30至65岁人群的WLE。我们还进一步估计了因疾病缺勤、失业、残疾退休、老年退休和其他原因导致的WYL。分析按性别和主要职业组（国际标准职业分类-88代码的第一位数字）分层。
所有国家均观察到WLE和WYL的职业差异。各国的总体模式表明，立法者、高级官员和经理以及专业人员的WLE通常较高，而服务和销售工人以及体力职业的雇员WLE往往较低，其中从事基础职业的雇员表现最差。WYL的原因因国家而异。总体而言，残疾退休在丹麦是一个重要因素，失业在芬兰是重要因素，疾病缺勤在挪威是重要因素。
各国在WLE方面观察到类似的职业模式，一些职业群体的WLE始终较高或较低。然而，WLE的职业差异程度以及WYL的原因在各国有所不同。
