工作寿命损失的指标和决定因素：叙述性综述。
Indicators and determinants of the years of working life lost: a narrative review.
机构信息
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
出版信息
Scand J Public Health. 2021 Aug;49(6):666-674. doi: 10.1177/1403494821993669. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review summarizes the available indicators for working life expectancy and years of working life lost (YWLL) and their determinants.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and Embase databases from their inception until August 2020 and screened all studies proposing an indicator for working life expectancy or YWLL. We also reviewed studies focusing on sociodemographic, lifestyle and work-related determinants of working life expectancy and YWLL. The results were synthesized narratively.
RESULTS
We identified 13 different indicators for the length of working life or YWLL. The most frequently used indicators were 'working life expectancy', 'healthy working life expectancy', and YWLL. Working life expectancy and healthy working life expectancy are longer for men than women. Working life expectancy at the age of 50 has been increasing since the mid-90s, and the increase has been larger for women, reducing the sex difference. Working life is shorter for people with a low level of education, in lower occupational classes, for people exposed to high physical work demands, those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas, people with overweight or obesity, smokers, people who are inactive during leisure time and in people with a chronic health problem.
CONCLUSIONS
目的
本叙述性综述总结了可用于工作预期寿命和工作寿命损失（YWLL）的指标及其决定因素。
方法
我们从建立之初到 2020 年 8 月在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中进行了检索，并筛选了所有提出工作预期寿命或 YWLL 指标的研究。我们还回顾了关注工作预期寿命和 YWLL 的社会人口统计学、生活方式和与工作相关的决定因素的研究。结果以叙述的方式进行了综合。
结果
我们确定了 13 个不同的工作寿命或 YWLL 指标。最常用的指标是“工作预期寿命”、“健康工作预期寿命”和 YWLL。男性的工作预期寿命和健康工作预期寿命长于女性。自 90 年代中期以来，50 岁时的工作预期寿命一直在增加，女性的增幅更大，缩小了性别差距。受教育程度低、职业阶层低、身体工作要求高、生活在最贫困地区、超重或肥胖、吸烟者、休闲时间不活跃以及患有慢性健康问题的人工作寿命较短。
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