Ramos Vitor S, Dias Marcos L
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, IMA - Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Cidade Universitária - Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, Centro de Tecnologia - Bloco J, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2025 Jun 27;97(suppl 3):e20241313. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202520241313. eCollection 2025.
Microplastics are a serious environmental threat, impacting biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and human health. Controlling and mitigating these effects requires a detailed understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of these contaminants. This study aims to enhance the analysis of microplastics in aquatic environments by focusing on the optimization and integration of advanced characterization techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. The goal is to improve accuracy in identifying the polymers that makeup microplastics, which is crucial for developing effective strategies for mitigating and controlling aquatic contamination. To this end, the application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is suggested in this review article, as it significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio, enabling more detailed detection of plastic residues and adsorbed microorganisms. These integrated analyses facilitate the acquisition of more robust and detailed data, essential for formulating effective solutions to the microplastics problem. Additionally, FTIR and Raman spectra were generated for polymers commonly found as microplastics, such as PP, LDPE, PS, and PVC, due to their widespread use in various materials. These standards will provide crucial data for identifying unknown microplastics, significantly contributing to the accuracy and reliability of the analyses.
微塑料是一种严重的环境威胁，影响着生物多样性、生态系统完整性和人类健康。控制和减轻这些影响需要详细了解这些污染物的物理化学特性。本研究旨在通过聚焦于优化和整合傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱等先进表征技术，加强对水生环境中微塑料的分析。目标是提高识别构成微塑料的聚合物的准确性，这对于制定减轻和控制水污染的有效策略至关重要。为此，本文建议应用表面增强拉曼光谱，因为它能显著提高信噪比，从而更详细地检测塑料残留物和吸附的微生物。这些综合分析有助于获取更可靠、更详细的数据，这对于制定解决微塑料问题的有效方案至关重要。此外，由于聚丙烯（PP）、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）等常见微塑料聚合物在各种材料中广泛使用，因此生成了它们的傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱。这些标准将为识别未知微塑料提供关键数据，极大地提高分析的准确性和可靠性。
