Correlation of body mass index and alveolar bone dimensions in the maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and alveolar bone dimensions in the maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated 40 patients presenting to the Radiology Department of School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Tehran during 2017-2019 who required CBCT scans of the maxilla for purposes not related to this study. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 20) with BMI ≥ 25 and 18 < BMI < 25. The maxillary alveolar bone height, and the buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness at 4 and 7 mm from the alveolar crest were measured on CBCT scans and compared between the two groups using pairwise correlation coefficient and independent t-test. Datawere analyzed using pairwise correlation coefficient and independent t-test via SPSS version 20.

RESULTS

The two groups were not significantly different regarding age or gender (P > 0.05). The buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness across all measured sites was significantly greater in patients with higher BMI. BMI had no significant correlation with alveolar bone height (P > 0.05). BMI had a positive correlation with buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness at the site of all teeth except for the palatal bone thickness at the site of first molar at 7 mm distance from the crest.

CONCLUSION

Patients with higher BMI showed higher buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness in the maxilla (except for one area) than patients with normal BMI. The buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness at the interdental areas was greater in patients with higher BMI. However, the alveolar bone height was not significantly different between the two groups.