Marume Anesu, Chidoko Exgratia, Chirenda Joconiah
Department of Global Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
J Public Health Afr. 2025 Jun 26;16(1):1325. doi: 10.4102/jphia.v16i1.1325. eCollection 2025.
Advances in science and technology have significantly improved global living conditions, enhancing overall quality of life. However, these changes have also contributed to lifestyle shifts marked by reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviour, and altered dietary patterns fueling overnutrition and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Among these, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased sharply over the past three decades, placing a burden on healthcare systems.
This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of dietary interventions in managing T2DM and identifies nutritional strategies associated with improved glycaemic outcomes.
The review includes studies conducted globally in community and health facility settings.
Peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and December 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies focused on dietary interventions for T2DM management. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, with effect sizes computed using R Studio. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistic.
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Dietary interventions significantly improved glycaemic control (mean difference: -0.30%; 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.15), despite high heterogeneity ( = 93.4%). Interventions focused solely on diet showed a modest effect (MD: -0.17%; 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.00), while intensive lifestyle interventions demonstrated a significantly higher impact (MD: -0.25%; 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.09).
This study reinforces the critical role of lifestyle modifications particularly dietary changes and increased physical activity in managing T2DM. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions are more likely to yield meaningful improvements in glycaemic control.
This study highlights the importance of developing and scaling up multifaceted, sustainable strategies to support long-term lifestyle change in individuals living with T2DM.
科学技术的进步显著改善了全球生活条件，提高了整体生活质量。然而，这些变化也导致了生活方式的转变，其特征是身体活动减少、久坐行为增加以及饮食模式改变，从而助长了营养过剩和相关的非传染性疾病（NCDs）。其中，2型糖尿病（T2DM）在过去三十年中急剧增加，给医疗保健系统带来了负担。
本荟萃分析调查饮食干预对管理T2DM的有效性，并确定与改善血糖结果相关的营养策略。
该综述包括在全球社区和卫生设施环境中进行的研究。
从PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science检索2010年1月至2024年12月发表的同行评审文章。符合条件的研究侧重于T2DM管理的饮食干预。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，效应大小使用R Studio计算。使用 统计量评估异质性。
18项研究符合纳入标准。尽管异质性较高（ = 93.4%），但饮食干预显著改善了血糖控制（平均差异：-0.30%；95%置信区间：-0.45至-0.15）。仅专注于饮食的干预显示出适度的效果（MD：-0.17%；95%置信区间：-0.33至-0.00），而强化生活方式干预显示出显著更高的影响（MD：-0.25%；95%置信区间：-0.41至-0.09）。
本研究强化了生活方式改变，特别是饮食变化和增加身体活动在管理T2DM中的关键作用。全面的生活方式干预更有可能在血糖控制方面产生有意义的改善。
本研究强调了制定和扩大多方面、可持续策略以支持T2DM患者长期生活方式改变的重要性。
