Bobick Michael, Hanna Colin, Tyler John, Mohr Patrick, Lu Huy, Powell Aidan, Blum Kenneth, Baron David, Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe, Elman Igor, Pinhasov Albert, Gold Mark S, Thanos Panayotis K
Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise & Mental Health, Western University of the Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
J Integr Neurosci. 2025 Jun 6;24(6):36646. doi: 10.31083/JIN36646.
Exercise enhances overall health, playing an important role in protecting against diseases that impact brain function. Studies show that physical activity influences several key biological processes, including dopamine signaling, brain glucose metabolism (BGluM), and social behavior.
Male sedentary and chronic exercise rats were examined for dopamine signaling and social behavior. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry (IHC), and D1 and D2 receptor (D1R and D2R) autoradiography was used to assess dopamine signaling; [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was used to measure brain functional connectivity; Crawley's three-chamber sociability test was used to measure social behavior; and Pearson correlation was used to analyze correlations between social interaction and TH, D1R, and D2R binding.
Exercised rats demonstrated greater D1R binding within several regions of the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. PET image analysis showed significantly higher BGluM in the exercised rats compared with the sedentary controls across several brain regions. These regions are associated with enhanced functional connectivity related to movement, olfaction, cardiovascular function, and predator awareness. Exercise had no significant effect on social interaction. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between social interaction and D1R binding.
Chronic aerobic exercise did not significantly alter social interaction, TH, or D2R binding. D1R binding was enhanced in the exercise group compared with the sedentary group and was negatively correlated with social interaction. We speculate that approach behavior was attenuated by exercise due to social threat stimulation. Functional connectivity imaging data showed significant glucose metabolic activation within the cuneiform nucleus, which has been previously shown to be critical in defensive behavior. This may explain the lack of significant effect of exercise on approach or exploratory behavior. These findings support the potential of exercise in response to social behavior and the possible attenuation of social behavior towards a social threat or socially inappropriate behavior. Exercise can induce metabolic transience that may assist rats in detecting odors from larger predatory animals.
运动可增强整体健康，在预防影响脑功能的疾病方面发挥重要作用。研究表明，身体活动会影响多个关键生物学过程，包括多巴胺信号传导、脑葡萄糖代谢（BGluM）和社会行为。
对雄性久坐不动和长期运动的大鼠进行多巴胺信号传导和社会行为检测。采用酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫组织化学（IHC）以及D1和D2受体（D1R和D2R）放射自显影术评估多巴胺信号传导；使用[18F] - 氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG PET）测量脑功能连接性；采用克劳利三室社交性测试测量社会行为；并使用皮尔逊相关性分析社会互动与TH、D1R和D2R结合之间的相关性。
运动大鼠在尾壳核和伏隔核的多个区域表现出更强的D1R结合。PET图像分析显示，与久坐对照组相比，运动大鼠在多个脑区的BGluM显著更高。这些区域与运动、嗅觉、心血管功能和捕食者意识相关的功能连接增强有关。运动对社会互动没有显著影响。皮尔逊相关性分析显示社会互动与D1R结合之间存在显著负相关。
长期有氧运动并未显著改变社会互动、TH或D2R结合。与久坐组相比，运动组的D1R结合增强，且与社会互动呈负相关。我们推测，由于社会威胁刺激，运动使趋近行为减弱。功能连接成像数据显示楔状核内有显著的葡萄糖代谢激活情况，此前已证明该区域在防御行为中至关重要。这可能解释了运动对趋近或探索行为缺乏显著影响的原因。这些发现支持了运动对社会行为的潜在作用，以及对社会威胁或社会不适当行为的社会行为可能减弱的观点。运动可诱导代谢瞬变，这可能有助于大鼠检测来自大型捕食动物的气味。
