Kimmeswenger Isabella, Groessing Felix, Preinfalk Verena, Gregor András, Dunkel Andreas, Schaudy Erika, Mistlberger-Reiner Agnes T, Rechl Markus L, Somoza Mark M, Koenig Juergen, Somoza Veronika, Duszka Kalina, Lieder Barbara
Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Appetite. 2025 Jul 3;214:108215. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108215.
Diet-induced obesity resulting from excessive calorie consumption has been associated with taste disorders in both mice and humans. While this relationship is well-established, there is still limited knowledge on how calorie-restricted diets affect the sense of taste in normal-weight individuals. We hypothesized that differences in body composition of mice subjected to caloric restriction (CR) or intermittent fasting (IF) compared to ad libitum chow are associated with changes in bitter and sweet taste signaling. Male C57BL/6NRj mice were fed either ad libitum (control), 75 % of the weight of the ad libitum chow (CR), or were submitted to IF (cycles of 24 h fasting and 24 h refeeding) for two weeks. Gene expression analysis of taste bud cell types of the circumvallate papillae (CV) was performed using qPCR and microarray analysis, and the chemosensory surface of the fungiform papillae (FP) was analyzed at the tongue tip. Taste preferences for sweet (sucralose) and bitter (caffeine) were analyzed with a two-bottle preference test. The FP number was higher in fasting groups compared to controls by up to 35 % ± 9.8 % (p < 0.001) in the CR group, accompanied by increased Tas1r2 and Tas1r3 expression. Taste responses showed higher sensitivity and preference towards sweet taste in the CR group and reduced aversion towards bitter taste compared to control animals. In conclusion, this study demonstrates an association between body composition, FP, and changes in sweet taste sensitivity and preference in mice subjected to restrictive diets.
因热量摄入过多导致的饮食诱导型肥胖已被证实与小鼠和人类的味觉障碍有关。尽管这种关系已得到充分确立，但对于热量限制饮食如何影响正常体重个体的味觉，人们了解仍然有限。我们推测，与随意进食的小鼠相比，进行热量限制（CR）或间歇性禁食（IF）的小鼠身体组成的差异与苦味和甜味信号传导的变化有关。将雄性C57BL/6NRj小鼠分为三组，分别给予随意进食（对照组）、随意进食量75%的食物（CR组），或进行为期两周的IF（24小时禁食和24小时重新进食的循环）。使用qPCR和微阵列分析对轮廓乳头（CV）味蕾细胞类型进行基因表达分析，并在舌尖分析菌状乳头（FP）的化学感受表面。通过双瓶偏好试验分析对甜味（三氯蔗糖）和苦味（咖啡因）的味觉偏好。与对照组相比，禁食组的FP数量最多增加了35%±9.8%（p<0.001），CR组中Tas1r2和Tas1r3表达增加。味觉反应显示，与对照动物相比，CR组对甜味的敏感性和偏好更高，对苦味的厌恶程度降低。总之，本研究证明了在进行限制性饮食的小鼠中，身体组成、FP与甜味敏感性和偏好变化之间的关联。
