Xiao Qianguo, Li Chenyu, Chen Chen, Ma Jialan
School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Department of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Psych J. 2025 Jul 6. doi: 10.1002/pchj.70036.
Two studies were conducted to investigate: (1) the effects of dispositional mindfulness and short-term mindfulness induction on prosocial willingness, (2) the mediating roles of moral identity and moral disengagement, and (3) age-related differences between young adolescents (12-15 years) and young adults (18-24 years). In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 271 college students (young adults) and 229 middle school students (young adolescents), assessing dispositional mindfulness, moral identity, moral disengagement, and prosocial willingness. In Study 2, an experimental design was employed to explore the short-term effects of two types of mindfulness inductions (with ethical elements or without) on these variables, involving 105 young adults and 142 young adolescents. Study 1 revealed that, in adolescents, moral identity significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial willingness, while moral disengagement served as the primary mediator among adults. Study 2 showed that different short-term mindfulness inductions significantly affected moral identity, moral disengagement, and prosocial willingness in adolescents, with significant mediation effects of moral identity and moral disengagement. However, these effects were not significant in adults. Both types of mindfulness induction showed differential mediating effects, suggesting age-specific psychological mechanisms. Findings highlighted age-related differences in how mindfulness influences prosocial behavior, mediated by moral constructs. Both studies consistently showed that, for adolescents, the moral psychology (such as moral identity and moral disengagement) significantly influences the association between mindfulness (interventions) and prosocial behavior. This provides important insights into ethical mindfulness education, emphasizing the need to account for psychological development characteristics when designing mindfulness programs for adolescents.
（1）特质正念和短期正念诱导对亲社会意愿的影响；（2）道德认同和道德推脱的中介作用；以及（3）青少年（12 - 15岁）和青年（18 - 24岁）之间的年龄差异。在研究1中，对271名大学生（青年）和229名中学生（青少年）进行了横断面调查，评估特质正念、道德认同、道德推脱和亲社会意愿。在研究2中，采用实验设计来探究两种类型的正念诱导（含伦理元素或不含）对这些变量的短期影响，涉及105名青年和142名青少年。研究1表明，在青少年中，道德认同显著中介了特质正念和亲社会意愿之间的关系，而在成年人中，道德推脱是主要中介。研究2表明，不同的短期正念诱导显著影响青少年的道德认同、道德推脱和亲社会意愿，道德认同和道德推脱具有显著的中介作用。然而，这些影响在成年人中并不显著。两种类型的正念诱导都显示出不同的中介效应，表明存在特定年龄的心理机制。研究结果突出了正念影响亲社会行为的年龄差异，这种影响由道德建构所中介。两项研究一致表明，对于青少年而言，道德心理（如道德认同和道德推脱）显著影响正念（干预）和亲社会行为之间的关联。这为道德正念教育提供了重要见解，强调在为青少年设计正念项目时需要考虑心理发展特征。
