Adeleye Khadijat Kofoworola, Chung Joohyun
Elaine Marieb College of Nursing University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 7;20(7):e0325588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325588. eCollection 2025.
Gum disease during pregnancy is not just a dental issue but a significant public health concern with potential implications for maternal and child health. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of gum disease among pregnant women and examine the association of maternal gum disease during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.
A retrospective case-control study used the PRAMS (phase 8, 2016-2020) dataset. Propensity score matching was employed to match cases in a 1:3 ratio. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between maternal gum disease, low birth weight, and small gestational age.
The study revealed a prevalence rate of 207 cases per 100,000 pregnant women. Notable differences were observed, with higher prevalence rates among younger women (20-24 yrs), racial minorities (Black women), and those with lower educational attainment (9-12 grade, no diploma). Maternal gum disease was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and falls below the 10th percentile (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.56-3.75, p < 0.001), having babies with birthweight below 2500g are 3.51 times higher (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 2.39-5.16, p < 0.001) compared to those who do not have gum disease.
The complex relationship between maternal oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes necessitates immediate and comprehensive research to understand and address this issue, highlighting the immediate need for action to prevent potential health risks.
孕期牙龈疾病不仅是一个牙科问题，更是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对母婴健康可能产生影响。本研究旨在估计全国孕妇牙龈疾病的患病率，并探讨孕期母亲牙龈疾病与妊娠结局之间的关联。
一项回顾性病例对照研究使用了PRAMS（2016 - 2020年第8阶段）数据集。采用倾向得分匹配以1:3的比例匹配病例。使用逻辑回归来检验母亲牙龈疾病、低出生体重和小孕周之间的关联。
该研究显示每10万名孕妇中有207例患病率。观察到显著差异，年轻女性（20 - 24岁）、少数族裔（黑人女性）以及教育程度较低（9 - 12年级，无文凭）的人群患病率较高。母亲牙龈疾病与小于胎龄儿（SGA）风险增加相关，且低于第10百分位数（OR = 2.43，95% CI：1.56 - 3.75，p < 0.001），与没有牙龈疾病的母亲相比，生出体重低于2500g婴儿的几率高3.51倍（OR = 3.51，95% CI：2.39 - 5.16，p < 0.001）。
母亲口腔健康与不良妊娠结局之间的复杂关系需要立即进行全面研究，以了解和解决这一问题，凸显了立即采取行动预防潜在健康风险的迫切需求。
