Munkvold Gary, du Toit Lindsey, Dunkle Ric
Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology and Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA; email:
Department of Plant Pathology, Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Mount Vernon, Washington, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2025 Sep;63(1):43-62. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-093855. Epub 2025 Jul 8.
Seeds are the cornerstone of food security for a growing global population. An ample supply of healthy, high-quality seeds of improved crop varieties is crucial to human nutrition and health. To meet this need, the global seed industry has become increasingly complex, characterized by multinational operations speeding the development of new varieties and efficiently providing adequate seed supplies. With accelerating international seed movement, the potential risks associated with seedborne pathogens are receiving increasing scrutiny, and phytosanitary regulations are frequently changing. At the same time, technological advances are driving the development of progressively more sensitive seed health testing methods, which are often required by national plant protection organizations to allow seed lots to be imported. Emerging seedborne plant pathogens, such as viral diseases of tomato, maize, and cucurbits, and changing import requirements have caused major disruptions in seed industry operations in recent years. A variety of innovative public-private sector collaborations has emerged in response to the challenges of international seed movement.
种子是全球人口不断增长情况下粮食安全的基石。充足供应健康、优质的改良作物品种种子对人类营养与健康至关重要。为满足这一需求，全球种子产业日益复杂，其特点是跨国经营加速新品种研发并高效提供充足的种子供应。随着国际种子流通加速，与种传病原体相关的潜在风险受到越来越多的审视，植物检疫法规也频繁变化。与此同时，技术进步推动着越来越灵敏的种子健康检测方法的发展，国家植物保护组织常常要求采用这些方法以允许种子批次进口。近年来，诸如番茄、玉米和葫芦科作物的病毒性疾病等新出现的种传植物病原体以及不断变化的进口要求给种子产业运营带来了重大干扰。为应对国际种子流通的挑战，出现了各种创新的公私部门合作形式。
