Keshvari Maryam, Heidarianpour Ali, Chehelcheraghi Farzaneh
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 8;15(1):24563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08414-3.
Hawthorn is used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine. Hawthorn active compounds have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Considering the few studies, we investigated exercise training different models along with hawthorn oral consumption on the negative changes created in the hippocampus tissue of rats with neurotoxicity caused by Trimethyltin (TMT). Neurotoxicity was induced by TMT intraperitoneal injection. 2-weeks after the injection and confirmation of disease, the Endurance, Resistance, Combined training protocols and hawthorn oral consumption were implemented for 12-weeks. To evaluate learning and spatial memory, the Morris water maze test and Reverse test was performed in the 12th week. We examined the expression of BDNF/Trk-β proteins in the hippocampal tissue in order to confirm or disconfirm the neurogenesis-related learning and memory test. Following the increased of β-Amyloid plaques, acetylcholinesterase activity, inflammation, and decreased antioxidants levels in the hippocampus of neurotoxic rats, the BDNF/Trk-β proteins expression decreased and adverse tissue changes and a great disorder Neurogenesis-dependent spatial learning and memory were observed. 12-weeks of combined training with hawthorn, a good adjustment had in all measured functional and molecular variables. Eosinophilic neuronal necrosis reduction, Astrogliosis reduction, increased Presumable synaptic incrustation and increased Microgliosis were observed in the hippocampal tissue of rats in the TMT + Combined + Hawthorn group. The superiority of the endurance and resistance training combination with hawthorn oral consumption than the unit implementation of these interventions was achieved in reducing the negative changes in the structure and the hippocampus function of neurotoxicity rats through increasing the neurotrophins levels and cholinergic modulation.
在传统医学中，山楂被用于治疗各种疾病。山楂活性化合物具有抗炎和神经保护作用。鉴于相关研究较少，我们研究了不同的运动训练模式以及口服山楂对三甲基锡（TMT）诱导神经毒性的大鼠海马组织产生的负面变化的影响。通过腹腔注射TMT诱导神经毒性。注射后2周并确认疾病后，实施耐力、阻力、联合训练方案并口服山楂，持续12周。为了评估学习和空间记忆，在第12周进行了莫里斯水迷宫测试和反向测试。我们检测了海马组织中BDNF/Trk-β蛋白的表达，以证实或否定与神经发生相关的学习和记忆测试。在神经毒性大鼠海马中，β-淀粉样斑块增加、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性增加、炎症反应以及抗氧化剂水平降低后，BDNF/Trk-β蛋白表达下降，观察到不良的组织变化以及神经发生依赖性空间学习和记忆的严重紊乱。经过12周的山楂联合训练，所有测量的功能和分子变量都得到了良好的调节。在TMT + 联合 + 山楂组大鼠的海马组织中，观察到嗜酸性神经元坏死减少、星形胶质细胞增生减少、假定的突触结壳增加和小胶质细胞增生增加。与单独实施这些干预措施相比，耐力和阻力训练与口服山楂相结合在通过提高神经营养因子水平和胆碱能调节来减少神经毒性大鼠海马结构和功能的负面变化方面具有优势。
