Senthil Chenrayan, Subramani Amutha, Gupta Ram K, Sofer Zdeněk
National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA.
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic.
Small. 2025 Jul 9:e2504276. doi: 10.1002/smll.202504276.
Active electrode material in-conjunction with an electrolyte allows to expand the horizons of electrochemical properties and safety of Li-ion/Li-metal batteries. The role of electrolyte is pivotal in determining the performance metrics of rechargeable Li-based batteries. However, the unavoidable side-reactions imposed on the electrode active material and electrolyte due to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions in a battery limits its performances. Electrolytes being ubiquitous for both the electrodes, a rational formulation containing a functional additive holds a great promise to tune the interfacial properties of electroactive material and to control the parasitic side reactions. Functional electrolyte additives are target specific, which serve the purpose of mitigating critical concerns related to material's properties, electrochemical performance, and safety of batteries scattered under different identities/chemistries. This review exclusively focuses on the significant impact of functional electrolyte additives on advancing the electrochemical performance, cycle-life, and safety of Li-ion/Li-metal batteries. The classification of additives and their mechanistic role is detailed on the basis of target-oriented actions involving film formation and its abnormal growth, capacity retention, overcharge/over-discharge, high-voltage, wide-temperature operation, acid and water contaminant, gas evolution, flammability, and aluminum corrosion. A perspective on the electrolyte and additive engineering considerate with the battery performances is detailed.
活性电极材料与电解质相结合，能够拓展锂离子/锂金属电池的电化学性能和安全性。电解质在决定可充电锂基电池的性能指标方面起着关键作用。然而，由于电池中的热力学和动力学条件，电极活性材料与电解质之间不可避免地会发生副反应，这限制了电池的性能。电解质对两个电极都很重要，含有功能性添加剂的合理配方有望调节电活性材料的界面性质，并控制寄生副反应。功能性电解质添加剂具有特定的目标，旨在缓解与不同特性/化学组成的材料性能、电化学性能和电池安全性相关的关键问题。本综述专门关注功能性电解质添加剂对提升锂离子/锂金属电池的电化学性能、循环寿命和安全性的重大影响。基于涉及成膜及其异常生长、容量保持、过充/过放、高压、宽温运行、酸和水污染物、气体析出、易燃性以及铝腐蚀等目标导向的作用，详细阐述了添加剂的分类及其作用机理。还详细介绍了从电池性能角度对电解质和添加剂工程的展望。
