Li Jun, Mu Xiangdong, Li Haichao, Liu Xinmin
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Eur Respir Rev. 2025 Jul 9;34(177). doi: 10.1183/16000617.0247-2024. Print 2025 Jul.
pneumonia constitutes a critical life-threatening opportunistic infection, where the host's immune response plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Immunocompetent individuals are typically capable of eradicating without exhibiting clinical symptoms. In contrast, individuals with compromised immune systems are vulnerable to developing pneumonia, which can lead to severe inflammatory responses and consequent pulmonary damage. This review examines the roles of innate immunity, particularly macrophages and adaptive immunity, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells, as well as key cytokines, in the defence against infection across various host categories, namely immunocompetent individuals, those infected with HIV and non-HIV-infected individuals, especially those undergoing corticosteroid therapy. By integrating findings from animal models and clinical studies, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of infection across varied immunological contexts.
肺炎是一种危及生命的严重机会性感染，宿主的免疫反应在其发病机制中起着核心作用。免疫功能正常的个体通常能够清除感染而不表现出临床症状。相比之下，免疫系统受损的个体易患肺炎，这可能导致严重的炎症反应及随之而来的肺部损伤。本综述探讨了固有免疫，特别是巨噬细胞，以及适应性免疫，包括CD4和CD8 T细胞，还有关键细胞因子，在不同宿主类别（即免疫功能正常个体、感染HIV个体和未感染HIV个体，尤其是接受皮质类固醇治疗的个体）抵御感染中的作用。通过整合动物模型和临床研究的结果，本综述旨在加深我们对不同免疫背景下感染发病机制的理解。
