Krishnan Anbarasu, Devarajan Yuvarajan, Nagappan Beemkumar, Kumar Dhruv, Upadhye Vijay J
Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jul 9;197(8):885. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14349-z.
Inland rivers are vital ecosystems that regulate carbon and nitrogen cycles. The complex transformation processes that control carbon and nitrogen emissions in these essential ecosystems are examined in this research. This study reviews and synthesises literature to understand how biological, chemical, and physical processes affect carbon and nitrogen dynamics in inland waterways. Inland rivers convert carbon and nitrogen compounds due to microbial activity, hydrological dynamics, and external inputs. Organic matter is converted into greenhouse gases like CO and CH by these ecosystems' microbial populations. Microbe metabolism, especially nitrogen, is affected by nutrition availability, resulting in different emission patterns. Hydrological dynamics flow rates, residence durations, and water temperature influence carbon and nitrogen transfer and transformation. Wetlands and vegetation in inland rivers affect organic matter and nutrient cycling. Agricultural runoff and urbanisation add carbon and nitrogen to ecosystems, altering ecosystem dynamics. Understanding the transformation processes of inland waterway carbon and nitrogen emissions is crucial for understanding their participation in global carbon and nitrogen cycles and their effects on ecosystem health and climate change. Integration of biogeochemical processes' geographical and temporal variability is needed to quantify greenhouse gas fluxes from these ecosystems. Advanced analytical methods including stable isotope analysis and high-resolution sensors have illuminated inland waterway carbon and nitrogen changes. Interdisciplinary ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry research has also improved our knowledge of these ecosystems' intricate carbon and nitrogen cycle linkages. This study emphasises the need for further research on inland waterway carbon and nitrogen emission transformation processes. Researchers may improve prediction frameworks to evaluate environmental change's effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in these crucial ecosystems by merging field data, laboratory trials, and modelling. Effective management measures are needed to reduce human stresses on inland rivers and protect their ecology. Riparian buffers and wetland restoration may minimise fertiliser inputs and increase carbon sequestration. Greenhouse gas reduction measures from agriculture and industry may also reduce human influences on carbon and nitrogen cycling in inland waterways. It covers the transformation processes that control carbon and nitrogen emissions in inland waterways. This study helps us comprehend these ecosystems' involvement in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles by revealing their intricate biogeochemical processes. It also emphasises the need for transdisciplinary methods and sustainable management to protect inland waterway ecosystems from environmental change.
内陆河流是调节碳和氮循环的重要生态系统。本研究探讨了控制这些重要生态系统中碳和氮排放的复杂转化过程。本研究回顾并综合了文献，以了解生物、化学和物理过程如何影响内陆水道中的碳和氮动态。内陆河流由于微生物活动、水文动态和外部输入而转化碳和氮化合物。这些生态系统中的微生物种群将有机物质转化为二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体。微生物代谢，尤其是氮代谢，受营养物质可用性的影响，导致不同的排放模式。水文动态，如流速、停留时间和水温，影响碳和氮的转移和转化。内陆河流中的湿地和植被影响有机物质和养分循环。农业径流和城市化向生态系统中添加碳和氮，改变生态系统动态。了解内陆水道碳和氮排放的转化过程对于理解它们在全球碳和氮循环中的作用以及它们对生态系统健康和气候变化的影响至关重要。需要整合生物地球化学过程的地理和时间变异性，以量化这些生态系统中的温室气体通量。包括稳定同位素分析和高分辨率传感器在内的先进分析方法揭示了内陆水道碳和氮的变化。跨学科的生态学、水文学和生物地球化学研究也增进了我们对这些生态系统复杂的碳和氮循环联系的认识。本研究强调需要进一步研究内陆水道碳和氮排放转化过程。研究人员可以通过整合实地数据、实验室试验和建模来改进预测框架，以评估环境变化对这些关键生态系统中碳和氮动态的影响。需要采取有效的管理措施来减轻人类对内陆河流的压力并保护其生态。河岸缓冲带和湿地恢复可以减少肥料输入并增加碳固存。农业和工业的温室气体减排措施也可以减少人类对内陆水道碳和氮循环的影响。它涵盖了控制内陆水道碳和氮排放的转化过程。本研究通过揭示这些生态系统复杂的生物地球化学过程，帮助我们理解它们在全球碳和氮循环中的参与情况。它还强调了采用跨学科方法和可持续管理来保护内陆水道生态系统免受环境变化影响的必要性。
