Yakob Tagese, Belay Eshetu, Barata Begidu Yakob, Abraham Awoke, Assele Desalegn Dawit, Israel Eskinder
School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Jul 9;25(1):502. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04958-4.
Among cardiovascular conditions, valvular heart disease (VHD) has the highest burden of mortality and morbidity, followed by coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. In Ethiopia, VHD accounts for 40.5% of cardiovascular diseases. However, existing studies from Ethiopia have focused only on the rheumatic cause of VHD. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the burden of VHD risk factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of VHD and its associated factors among adult cardiac patients at Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) in Ethiopia.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 422 participants. Data were extracted from patient records. Data were collected, cleaned, and entered into Epidata 4.6.0.2 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Descriptive characteristics were performed. Logistic regression was employed and a p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI and AOR was used for measuring the associations between outcome and independent variable. Model goodness-of-fit was checked by the Hosmer and Lemeshow test.
From the sampled medical records, 417 cases (98.8%) were retained for final analysis. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 50.42 ± 0.62years. The prevalence of VHD among the population studied was 73 (17.51%; 95% CI: 14.13-21.47). The burden of VHD was greater for participants from urban areas than for those from rural areas. Family history of cardiovascular disease (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.76-7.12), history of hypertension (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.48-5.41), thyroid disease (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.51-8.56), and history of adult malnutrition (AOR = 4.93, 95% CI: 2.04-10.14) were independent predictors of VHD.
The prevalence of VHD was high in the population studied. Implement targeted echocardiography screening for high-risk groups (hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease) in primary care, integrate VHD detection into existing NCD programs with expanded rural access, and establish a national registry to guide treatment and track outcomes.
在心血管疾病中，心脏瓣膜病（VHD）的死亡率和发病率负担最高，其次是冠状动脉疾病、高血压和心力衰竭。在埃塞俄比亚，心脏瓣膜病占心血管疾病的40.5%。然而，埃塞俄比亚现有的研究仅关注心脏瓣膜病的风湿性病因。因此，评估心脏瓣膜病危险因素的负担势在必行。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚保罗千年医学院附属医院（SPHMMC）成年心脏病患者中心脏瓣膜病的患病率及其相关因素。
对422名参与者进行了一项回顾性横断面研究。数据从患者记录中提取。数据收集、清理后录入Epidata 4.6.0.2，然后导出到STATA 14版本进行分析。进行了描述性特征分析。采用逻辑回归分析，p值<0.05、95%置信区间和调整后比值比（AOR）用于衡量结果与自变量之间的关联。通过Hosmer和Lemeshow检验检查模型拟合优度。
从抽样的病历中，保留了417例（98.8%）用于最终分析。参与者的平均年龄（±标准差）为50.42±0.62岁。在所研究的人群中，心脏瓣膜病的患病率为73例（17.51%；95%置信区间：14.13 - 21.47）。城市地区参与者的心脏瓣膜病负担高于农村地区参与者。心血管疾病家族史（AOR = 3.56，95%置信区间：1.76 - 7.12）、高血压病史（AOR = 2.83，95%置信区间：1.48 - 5.41）、甲状腺疾病（AOR = 3.59，95%置信区间：1.51 - 8.56）和成人营养不良病史（AOR = 4.93，95%置信区间：2.04 - 10.14）是心脏瓣膜病的独立预测因素。
在所研究的人群中，心脏瓣膜病的患病率较高。在初级保健中对高危人群（高血压和心血管疾病家族史）实施有针对性的超声心动图筛查，将心脏瓣膜病检测纳入现有的非传染性疾病项目并扩大农村地区的覆盖范围，建立国家登记系统以指导治疗并跟踪结果。
