Kamathewatta Kanishka I, Kanci Condello Anna, Shil Pollob K, Noormohammadi Amir H, Young Neil D, Browning Glenn F, Tivendale Kelly A, Wawegama Nadeeka K
Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
Vet Res. 2025 Jul 9;56(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01571-3.
The Vaxsafe MS vaccine is used globally to control infections with Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in commercial poultry. It provides long-term protective immunity against airsacculitis and tracheitis caused by M. synoviae. However, the mechanisms involved in the protection afforded by the vaccine are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare tracheal mucosal responses to challenge with virulent M. synoviae in chickens vaccinated with Vaxsafe MS and in unvaccinated chickens. The tracheal mucosal transcriptional profiles were obtained using messenger RNA sequencing. Compared to the unvaccinated-unchallenged chickens, 64 genes were differentially transcribed in the vaccinated-challenged chickens and 321 genes were differentially transcribed in the unvaccinated-challenged chickens. In vaccinated-challenged chickens, functional categories enriched with up-regulated genes included IL4 production, TCR signalling (without T-cell co-stimulation), T-cell activation/proliferation/differentiation and B-cell activation/proliferation. In the unvaccinated-challenged chickens, many other functional categories were also enriched with upregulated genes, including Positive regulation of the MAPK/ERK cascades, Positive regulation of IFN gamma production, T-cell co-stimulation, Negative regulation of IL6 production, IL10 production, Toll-like receptor signalling, Neutrophil activation/degranulation, DAP12 signalling, Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, Cell killing, PD-1 signalling, Negative regulation of non-canonical NF-κB signal transduction, Isotype switching and Somatic diversification of immune receptors. The transcriptional changes in the unvaccinated-challenged chickens were indicative of T-helper-1-cell-mediated inflammation and dysregulated primary T- and B-cell responses, which were absent in the vaccinated-challenged chickens. In the vaccinated-challenged chickens the changes were indicative of a memory T-follicular-helper-cell-dependent secondary B-cell response, suggesting that this response was protective against the dysregulated inflammatory response seen in unvaccinated chickens.
Vaxsafe MS疫苗在全球范围内用于控制商品家禽中的滑膜支原体（MS）感染。它能为鸡提供针对滑膜支原体引起的气囊炎和气管炎的长期保护性免疫。然而，该疫苗提供保护的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查和比较接种Vaxsafe MS疫苗的鸡和未接种疫苗的鸡在受到强毒滑膜支原体攻击时的气管黏膜反应。使用信使核糖核酸测序获得气管黏膜转录谱。与未接种疫苗且未受攻击的鸡相比，接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中有64个基因差异转录，未接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中有321个基因差异转录。在接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中，上调基因富集的功能类别包括白细胞介素4产生、T细胞受体信号传导（无T细胞共刺激）、T细胞活化/增殖/分化和B细胞活化/增殖。在未接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中，许多其他功能类别也有上调基因富集，包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶级联的正调控、干扰素γ产生的正调控、T细胞共刺激、白细胞介素6产生的负调控、白细胞介素10产生、Toll样受体信号传导、中性粒细胞活化/脱颗粒、DAP12信号传导、趋化作用、吞噬作用、细胞杀伤、程序性死亡蛋白1信号传导、非经典核因子κB信号转导的负调控、免疫受体的同种型转换和体细胞多样化。未接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡的转录变化表明存在辅助性T细胞1介导的炎症以及原发性T细胞和B细胞反应失调，而接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中不存在这种情况。在接种疫苗且受攻击的鸡中，这些变化表明存在记忆性滤泡辅助性T细胞依赖性继发性B细胞反应，这表明这种反应可预防未接种疫苗的鸡中出现的失调性炎症反应。
