Iyer Lakshmi Rani, Thomas Rasmi
Laboratory of Integrative Multiomics, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000962.
Antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling viral load, but there is immediate rebound of virus when treatment is interrupted. This is due to a reservoir of cells harboring HIV which evades immune surveillance and persists in the host. In this review we discuss research leveraging single-cell transcriptomics to examine single-cells from people living with HIV in vivo that can provide insight into these reservoir cells.
Advancements in the field of multiomics, specifically single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), have enabled the profiling of hundreds of thousands of single cells and characterized the heterogeneity of cells in people with HIV. Studies in cohorts of people treated during acute HIV-1 infection have revealed longitudinal changes in immune responses during early infection, discovered novel restriction and latency factors, and identified markers of the cells with virus and the reservoir size.
Single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful technology that screens the entire transcriptome of an individual cell. When used strategically to investigate samples from cohorts of acute HIV-1 infection, this unbiased omics tool can shed light on the elusive HIV-1 reservoir and unlock strategies for cure.
抗逆转录病毒疗法在控制病毒载量方面有效，但治疗中断时病毒会立即反弹。这是由于存在携带HIV的细胞库，这些细胞逃避免疫监视并在宿主体内持续存在。在本综述中，我们讨论利用单细胞转录组学研究体内HIV感染者单细胞的研究，这些研究可为了解这些储存库细胞提供见解。
多组学领域的进展，特别是单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq），使得能够对数以十万计的单细胞进行分析，并表征HIV感染者细胞的异质性。对急性HIV-1感染期间接受治疗的人群队列的研究揭示了早期感染期间免疫反应的纵向变化，发现了新的限制和潜伏因素，并确定了携带病毒细胞的标志物和储存库大小。
单细胞转录组学是一种强大的技术，可筛选单个细胞的整个转录组。当有策略地用于研究急性HIV-1感染人群队列的样本时，这种无偏倚的组学工具可以揭示难以捉摸的HIV-1储存库，并为治愈解锁策略。
