Ćuković Saša, Luković Vanja, Zou Yiying, Kaiser Mirko, Bertsch Martin, Heidt Christoph, Studer Daniel, Farshad Mazda, Laux Christoph
ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomechanics, Laboratory for Movement Biomechanics, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Svetog Save 65, 32000, Čačak, Serbia.
Comput Biol Med. 2025 Sep;196(Pt A):110735. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110735. Epub 2025 Jul 9.
The ScolioSIM module, a novel addition to the web-based ScolioMedIS system, was developed specifically for comprehensive 3D scoliosis visualization and assessment. It utilizes 3D optical scans of the back surface, 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks, internal and external spinal alignment data, and a generic spine (GS) 3D model to create patient-specific (PS) 3D spine models and deformity parameters. The aim of this paper is to 1) describe the novel ScolioSIM module for scoliosis assessment and 2) validate the agreement between patient-specific (PS) 3D models and Cobb angles produced by the ScolioSIM in comparison to the gold standard - Cobb angles obtained clinically from biplanar radiographs.
To generate PS 3D models and deformity parameters, the process includes scanning the patient's back, manually acquiring 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks and external spinal alignment on the back surface, and determining spinal midline based on X-ray images registered with the surface. Additionally, the process involves uploading the files to ScolioSIM for further analysis, including interpolation, projection, and calculation of spinal deformity parameters, and aligning the GS 3D model to generate the PS 3D model. The deformity parameters are then transferred to ScolioMedIS for inclusion in diagnostic reports alongside the PS 3D spine model. Thirty participants with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) were included in the study, and biplanar EOS radiographs and optical 3D scans were acquired in an upright standing pose using a positioning frame. The study compares Cobb angles generated by ScolioSIM (SCA) with manual assessments on EOS radiographs (MCA) and those computed by sterEOS software (ECA).
A total of 80 curves were measured using ScolioSIM. The mean MCA, ECA, and SCA were 22.8 ± 13.0°, 27.9 ± 13.0°, and 24.9 ± 14.3°, respectively. Results showed excellent correlations between SCA and MCA for the thoracic (r = 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.93 to 0.98), lumbar (r = 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.85 to 0.97), and combined thoracic-lumbar regions (r = 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.90 to 0.96).
This study introduces ScolioSIM, a web-based module with an optical scan system for 3D assessment of IS, demonstrating a high correlation of Cobb angle measurements with those from the clinical gold standard. Additionally, ScolioMedIS could facilitate multi-center data collection and collaborative decision-making in the management of adolescents with IS. The key advantage of the ScolioSIM module is its ability to compare examinations across different visits longitudinally. ScolioSIM thus holds the potential for monitoring progression and evaluating treatment outcomes in adolescents with IS.
ScolioSIM模块是基于网络的ScolioMedIS系统的一项新功能，专门用于全面的三维脊柱侧弯可视化和评估。它利用背部表面的三维光学扫描、解剖标志的三维坐标、脊柱内外对齐数据以及通用脊柱（GS）三维模型，来创建患者特异性（PS）三维脊柱模型和畸形参数。本文旨在：1）描述用于脊柱侧弯评估的新型ScolioSIM模块；2）验证患者特异性（PS）三维模型与ScolioSIM生成的Cobb角之间的一致性，并与从双平面X线片临床获得的金标准——Cobb角进行比较。
为了生成PS三维模型和畸形参数，该过程包括扫描患者背部、手动获取背部表面解剖标志和脊柱外部对齐的三维坐标，以及根据与表面配准的X线图像确定脊柱中线。此外，该过程还包括将文件上传到ScolioSIM进行进一步分析，包括插值、投影和脊柱畸形参数的计算，以及对齐GS三维模型以生成PS三维模型。然后将畸形参数传输到ScolioMedIS，以便与PS三维脊柱模型一起纳入诊断报告。本研究纳入了30名特发性脊柱侧弯（IS）患者，使用定位框架以直立姿势获取双平面EOS X线片和光学三维扫描。该研究将ScolioSIM生成的Cobb角（SCA）与EOS X线片上的手动评估（MCA）以及sterEOS软件计算的Cobb角（ECA）进行比较。
使用ScolioSIM共测量了80条曲线。MCA、ECA和SCA的平均值分别为22.8±13.0°、27.9±13.0°和24.9±14.3°。结果显示，SCA与MCA在胸椎（r = 0.96，95%CI：0.93至0.98）、腰椎（r = 0.93，95%CI：0.85至0.97）以及胸腰联合区域（r = 0.93，95%CI：0.90至0.96）具有极好的相关性。
本研究介绍了ScolioSIM，这是一个基于网络的模块，带有用于IS三维评估的光学扫描系统，证明了Cobb角测量值与临床金标准测量值高度相关。此外，ScolioMedIS有助于在IS青少年管理中进行多中心数据收集和协作决策。ScolioSIM模块的关键优势在于其能够纵向比较不同就诊时的检查结果。因此，ScolioSIM在监测IS青少年的病情进展和评估治疗效果方面具有潜力。
