Cheng Hong, Wang Youjie, Hong Yanlong, Wu Fei, Shen Lan, Lin Xiao
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Drug Deliv. 2025 Dec;32(1):2525223. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2025.2525223. Epub 2025 Jul 11.
With the rapid development of buccal films (BFs), the demand for film-forming materials and preparation techniques has increased. Cellulose ethers (CEs) exhibit favorable properties, such as effective film formation, mucosal adhesion, and biocompatibility; as such, they are most commonly employed as film-forming materials, essential for BF fabrication. CE-based BFs, classified as orodispersible and buccal mucoadhesive films, can be prepared through solvent casting, inkjet printing, three-dimensional printing, electrospinning, and hot melt extrusion. Hydrophilic CE-based orodispersible films can rapidly dissolve or disintegrate upon contact with saliva to release drugs. High-viscosity or hydrophobic CEs can serve as protective layers for BFs, controlling the unidirectional release of drugs and mitigating the effects of saliva and buccal movements. These mucoadhesive films can firmly adhere to the buccal mucosa for an extended period, prolonging drug release time and enhancing bioavailability. CEs come in various types and grades, exhibiting different rheological and physicomechanical properties, which also provide options for customized design to specific patients. This review provides an overview of CE-based BF technology, analyzes the challenges and development directions of this film, and identifies key areas for scientific research, such as the interactions of bioadhesive materials in buccal mucosal drug delivery. The objectives of this review are to (i) highlight the value of their application in oral drug delivery and (ii) promote the broader adoption of BF-based patient-centric dosing.
随着口腔薄膜（BFs）的迅速发展，对成膜材料和制备技术的需求不断增加。纤维素醚（CEs）具有良好的性能，如有效的成膜性、粘膜粘附性和生物相容性；因此，它们最常被用作成膜材料，这是制备BFs必不可少的。基于CE的BFs可分为口腔分散膜和口腔粘膜粘附膜，可通过溶剂浇铸、喷墨印刷、三维印刷、静电纺丝和热熔挤出等方法制备。亲水性基于CE的口腔分散膜在与唾液接触时能迅速溶解或崩解以释放药物。高粘度或疏水性的CEs可作为BFs的保护层，控制药物的单向释放并减轻唾液和口腔运动的影响。这些粘膜粘附膜可长时间牢固地粘附在口腔粘膜上，延长药物释放时间并提高生物利用度。CEs有多种类型和等级，表现出不同的流变学和物理机械性能，这也为针对特定患者的定制设计提供了选择。本综述概述了基于CE的BF技术，分析了这种薄膜面临的挑战和发展方向，并确定了科学研究的关键领域，如口腔粘膜给药中生物粘附材料的相互作用。本综述的目的是：（i）突出其在口服药物递送中的应用价值；（ii）促进以患者为中心的基于BF的给药方式的更广泛采用。
