Chen Hao, Wang Shuoqi, Song Meiying, Yang Dongxia, Li Hongmei
First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Department of Gynecology II, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Jun 26;13:1619758. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1619758. eCollection 2025.
Rising rates of infertility have stimulated interest in dietary supplements to improve oocyte quality through mitochondrial function, antioxidant activity, and epigenetically regulated metabolic pathways. Mitochondria provides adenosine triphosphate for oocyte maturation, with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) demonstrating efficacy in animal models by alleviating oxidative damage and enhancing blastocyst formation. In aged mice, CoQ10 restored mitochondrial activity and reduced chromosomal abnormalities, while preliminary human studies noted improved embryo quality in poor responders, though randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain inconclusive. Antioxidants like melatonin counter reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced spindle defects and mitochondrial dysfunction, showing benefits in murine oocyte maturation and blastocyst development. Resveratrol enhanced bovine oocyte quality through metabolic modulation. Human trials on antioxidants show reduced granulosa cell stress but lack robust evidence. Epigenetically, folate supports DNA methylation critical for embryonic gene expression, with deficiencies linked to hyperhomocysteinemia and developmental defects in animal models. Human observational studies associate folate-rich diets with lower aneuploidy and better assisted reproductive technology outcomes, while omega-3 fatty acids aid chromatin remodeling via histone deacetylase regulation. Despite compelling preclinical data, human trials face inconsistencies due to variable designs and confounders. Standardized RCTs are urgently needed to translate mechanistic insights into clinical guidelines, addressing the disconnect between animal studies and human reproductive outcomes.
不孕症发病率的上升激发了人们对膳食补充剂的兴趣，希望通过线粒体功能、抗氧化活性和表观遗传调控的代谢途径来提高卵母细胞质量。线粒体为卵母细胞成熟提供三磷酸腺苷，辅酶Q10（CoQ10）在动物模型中通过减轻氧化损伤和促进囊胚形成显示出功效。在老年小鼠中，CoQ10恢复了线粒体活性并减少了染色体异常，而初步的人体研究指出，对反应较差的患者，胚胎质量有所改善，不过随机对照试验（RCT）的结果仍无定论。褪黑素等抗氧化剂可对抗活性氧（ROS）诱导的纺锤体缺陷和线粒体功能障碍，对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和囊胚发育有好处。白藜芦醇通过代谢调节提高了牛卵母细胞的质量。人体抗氧化剂试验显示颗粒细胞应激有所减轻，但缺乏有力证据。在表观遗传学方面，叶酸支持对胚胎基因表达至关重要的DNA甲基化，动物模型中缺乏叶酸与高同型半胱氨酸血症和发育缺陷有关。人体观察性研究将富含叶酸的饮食与较低的非整倍体率和更好的辅助生殖技术结果联系起来，而ω-3脂肪酸通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶调节有助于染色质重塑。尽管临床前数据很有说服力，但由于设计多变和存在混杂因素，人体试验面临不一致的情况。迫切需要标准化的随机对照试验，将机制性见解转化为临床指南，解决动物研究与人类生殖结果之间的脱节问题。
