Sun Fanghao, Zhu Fugui, Ran Shasha, Ye Qinyi, Wang Tao, Dong Jiangli
College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000 China.
aBIOTECH. 2025 May 7;6(2):141-159. doi: 10.1007/s42994-025-00210-x. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Heterotrimeric G proteins are crucial transducers of signaling from receptors, participating in growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. However, little is known about their roles in regulating various yield-related traits in legumes. In this study, we systematically analyzed the functions of two G-protein-encoding genes, and , along with (), in . All three genes were ubiquitously expressed in roots, stems, leaves, nodules, flowers, and pods. We generated the knockout mutants , , and using CRISPR/Cas9 and assessed their growth and development. knockout resulted in slightly shorter plants with smaller pods and shorter spines, but larger seeds, without affecting overall biomass or other traits. knockout led to dwarfism, weak root development, a severe drop in biomass production, smaller legume pods with shorter spines, and smaller seeds. However, the mutants were largely similar to wild-type plants, with few significant defects in growth and development. We also investigated the symbiotic nodulation-related phenotypes of these mutants, discovering that mutants produce lighter nodules, whereas and mutants have normal nodulation phenotypes similar to those of wild-type plants. These observations suggest that MtGβ1 positively regulates nodulation, although the detailed mechanisms by which G proteins regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation in remain to be explored. This work provides potentially valuable genetic resources for further functional analysis and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of G proteins in this model legume.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-025-00210-x.
异源三聚体G蛋白是受体信号转导的关键分子，参与生长发育以及对生物和非生物刺激的反应。然而，它们在调节豆科植物各种产量相关性状中的作用知之甚少。在本研究中，我们系统地分析了两个G蛋白编码基因以及在中的功能。这三个基因在根、茎、叶、根瘤、花和豆荚中均普遍表达。我们使用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建了基因敲除突变体、和，并评估了它们的生长发育情况。基因敲除导致植株略矮，豆荚较小，刺较短，但种子较大，且不影响总生物量或其他性状。基因敲除导致植株矮化，根系发育不良，生物量产量严重下降，豆科植物荚果较小，刺较短，种子也较小。然而，突变体在很大程度上与野生型植株相似，在生长发育方面几乎没有明显缺陷。我们还研究了这些突变体与共生结瘤相关的表型，发现突变体形成的根瘤颜色较浅，而和突变体具有与野生型植株相似的正常结瘤表型。这些观察结果表明，MtGβ1正向调节结瘤，尽管G蛋白调节共生固氮的详细机制仍有待探索。这项工作为进一步功能分析和阐明该模式豆科植物中G蛋白的分子机制提供了潜在有价值的遗传资源。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42994-025-00210-x获取的补充材料。
