Wu Keyi, Sun Xiaochun, Xu Jiawen, Guan Zhihang, Yuan Weijie, Bao Lijuan, Zhao Yihong, Shan Ruping, Chen Hui, Zhao Caijun, Hu Xiaoyu, Fu Yunhe, Liu Dacheng, Zhang Naisheng
Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 26;16:1582314. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582314. eCollection 2025.
Mastitis is a crucial disease that restricts the development of the dairy industry. In production practice, long-term high-concentrate diet (HCD) is often employed to boost milk yield. However, this can lead to rumen microbiota disorder and eventually results in mastitis. Microbial fermented feed has drawn increasing attention due to its abundant functions, safety, and effectiveness. Yeast, as a widely used fungus, has excellent fermentation performance and a variety of beneficial physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of yeast fermented feed (YFF) on mastitis in dairy goats induced by ruminal dysbiosis. Twenty-four dairy goats in late lactation, with an initial body weight of 34.65 ± 5.46 kg, were selected for the study. The total experimental period lasted 55 days. In the control group, a roughage-to-concentrate ratio (F:C) of 7:3 was consistently provided. For the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) group, eight dairy goats were given a 5:5 F:C diet free of charge for 10 days prior to the start of the experiment to ensure their adaptation to the diet. Subsequently, these eight dairy goats were fed an HCD consisting of 30% roughage and 70% mixed concentrate until the end of the experiment. For the SARA+Y group, eight dairy goats were fed the same diet as the SARA group from the beginning of the experiment until day 45. After that, 80 to 100 grams of YFF per goat were added to the diet daily for 10 days until the end of the experiment. In this study, adding YFF on the basis of HCD alleviated mastitis by restoring the function of the rumen barrier and regulating the imbalance of rumen microbiota. It alleviated the symptoms of SARA, reduced the levels of LPS in the rumen, serum, and mammary glands, and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Specifically, it was reflected in restoring the function of the blood-milk barrier, limiting the inflammatory response, and reducing oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with YFF alleviates mastitis induced by ruminal microbiota disturbance due to feeding HCD in several ways. This finding paves the way for a new approach and method to address mastitis in ruminant animals. It not only helps enhance the health level of ruminants but also plays a positive role in improving breeding efficiency. At the same time, it provides a strong guarantee for enhancing the quality of dairy products and lays a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the dairy industry.
乳腺炎是一种限制乳制品行业发展的关键疾病。在生产实践中，长期采用高浓度日粮（HCD）来提高产奶量。然而，这可能导致瘤胃微生物群紊乱并最终引发乳腺炎。微生物发酵饲料因其丰富的功能、安全性和有效性而受到越来越多的关注。酵母作为一种广泛使用的真菌，具有出色的发酵性能和多种有益的生理功能。在本研究中，我们调查了酵母发酵饲料（YFF）对瘤胃微生物失调诱导的奶山羊乳腺炎的治疗效果。选择24只处于泌乳后期、初始体重为34.65±5.46千克的奶山羊进行研究。整个实验期持续55天。对照组持续提供粗精比（F:C）为7:3的日粮。对于亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）组，在实验开始前10天，给8只奶山羊免费提供F:C为5:5的日粮，以确保它们适应这种日粮。随后，这8只奶山羊饲喂由30%粗饲料和70%混合精饲料组成的HCD，直至实验结束。对于SARA+Y组，8只奶山羊从实验开始到第45天饲喂与SARA组相同的日粮。之后，每只山羊每天在日粮中添加80至100克YFF，持续10天直至实验结束。在本研究中，在HCD基础上添加YFF通过恢复瘤胃屏障功能和调节瘤胃微生物群失衡来减轻乳腺炎。它减轻了SARA的症状，降低了瘤胃、血清和乳腺中LPS的水平，并降低了促炎细胞因子的水平。具体而言，体现在恢复血乳屏障功能、限制炎症反应和降低氧化应激方面。总之，这些结果表明，补充YFF通过多种方式减轻了因饲喂HCD导致的瘤胃微生物群紊乱所诱发的乳腺炎。这一发现为解决反刍动物乳腺炎的新途径和方法铺平了道路。它不仅有助于提高反刍动物的健康水平，而且对提高繁殖效率也起到积极作用。同时，为提高乳制品质量提供了有力保障，为乳制品行业的可持续发展奠定了坚实基础。
