Chen Chenghao, Li Jiaxuan, Zhou Yumo, Zhang Yuwen, Huang Renjin, Zhang Yanjun, Li Jianhua, Chen Keda
School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Pathogenesis Research, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 26;16:1624290. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624290. eCollection 2025.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV), a tick-borne phlebovirus first identified in China, causes severe illness characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and, in some cases, multi-organ failure and death. With mortality rates ranging from 5% to 30% in endemic regions, SFTSV has emerged as a significant public health threat across East Asia, including South Korea and Japan, with potential for broader outbreaks. This review synthesizes recent advances in SFTSV animal models and candidate vaccines, highlighting their contributions and limitations. Current animal models, including mice, ferrets, and non-human primates, partially replicate human disease but fail to fully recapitulate clinical manifestations, limiting their translational utility. Vaccine development has shown promise, with candidates such as mRNA, subunit, and viral vector vaccines demonstrating efficacy in preclinical studies, yet none have progressed to clinical trials. Key challenges include viral genetic diversity and immune evasion. Future research should focus on refining animal models to better mimic human pathology, developing broad-spectrum vaccines, and integrating virological and immunological insights to enhance prevention and treatment strategies for SFTSV.
发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）是一种首次在中国发现的蜱传静脉病毒，可导致严重疾病，其特征为高热、血小板减少、白细胞减少，在某些情况下还会出现多器官功能衰竭和死亡。在流行地区，SFTSV的死亡率在5%至30%之间，已成为包括韩国和日本在内的整个东亚地区重大的公共卫生威胁，并有更广泛暴发的可能。本综述综合了SFTSV动物模型和候选疫苗的最新进展，强调了它们的贡献和局限性。目前的动物模型，包括小鼠、雪貂和非人灵长类动物，部分复制了人类疾病，但未能完全重现临床表现，限制了它们的转化应用价值。疫苗研发已显示出前景，如mRNA、亚单位和病毒载体疫苗等候选疫苗在临床前研究中显示出有效性，但尚无一种进入临床试验阶段。关键挑战包括病毒遗传多样性和免疫逃逸。未来的研究应集中在优化动物模型以更好地模拟人类病理、开发广谱疫苗，以及整合病毒学和免疫学见解以加强SFTSV的预防和治疗策略。
