Höffken Verena, Braun Daniela Anne, Pavenstädt Hermann, Weide Thomas
Medical Clinic D, University Hospital Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany.
Cells. 2025 Jun 24;14(13):960. doi: 10.3390/cells14130960.
is the most recent member of the gene family and is expressed exclusively in humans and a few higher primates. More than twenty years ago, it was discovered that APOL1 protects humans from infections by trypanosome subspecies that cause African sleeping sickness. Interestingly, by a co-evolutionary process between parasite and host, two APOL1 variants emerged, which, in addition to their trypanotoxic effects, are simultaneously associated with a significantly increased risk for various different kidney diseases, which are now summarized as APOL1-mediated kidney diseases (AMKDs). The aim of this review is to highlight and formulate key aspects of APOL1's cell biologic features, including questions and unaddressed aspects. This perspective may contribute to a deeper understanding of APOL1-associated cytotoxicity as well as AMKDs.
是基因家族的最新成员，仅在人类和少数高等灵长类动物中表达。二十多年前，人们发现APOL1可保护人类免受导致非洲昏睡病的锥虫亚种感染。有趣的是，通过寄生虫与宿主之间的共同进化过程，出现了两种APOL1变体，它们除了具有锥虫毒性作用外，还同时与各种不同肾脏疾病的风险显著增加相关，现在这些疾病被统称为APOL1介导的肾脏疾病（AMKDs）。本综述的目的是突出并阐述APOL1细胞生物学特征的关键方面，包括问题和未解决的方面。这一观点可能有助于更深入地理解APOL1相关的细胞毒性以及AMKDs。
