Application of Pirfenidone-loaded Fluorescence Nanoparticles to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Oxidative Stress.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major cause of cancer-related mortality, is closely associated with oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. To address the limitations of pirfenidone (PFD)-notably its poor bioavailability and lack of tumor specificity-a novel fructose-based fluorescent nanoplatform (1-Fru-2-ATPMS@PFD) was rationally designed and constructed. The system integrates synthetic and natural small molecules with a silane-modified organic framework, offering improved stability, drug-loading capacity, and optical responsiveness. Structural characterizations confirmed successful assembly and PFD encapsulation, while fluorescence measurements revealed distinct ratiometric features suitable for drug sensing. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated effective inhibition of HCC cell proliferation and favorable regulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. These results suggest that 1-Fru-2-ATPMS@PFD holds great potential as a dual-functional material for targeted drug delivery and fluorescence-guided therapeutic monitoring in liver cancer treatment.