Sharma Sangeeta, Satyaseela Maneesh Paul, Burri Ranga Reddy, Palakodeti Ratnakar, Pamarthy Deepika
Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
Microvioma and Lead Co-inventor of Enmetazobactam, (Orchid Pharma), Bengaluru, India.
Pharmaceut Med. 2025 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s40290-025-00572-z.
Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health threat fueled by a complex interplay of biological, social, and economic factors. Despite widespread recognition of its impact, the antimicrobial resistance crisis continues to deepen because of inadequate innovation, poor access to effective treatments, and irrational antimicrobial use. Effectively combating antimicrobial resistance requires a multisectoral, multistakeholder, and multidimensional approach, with the pharmaceutical industry playing a pivotal role in new antimicrobial discovery along with diagnostic and other stakeholders. This review critically examines the central role of the pharmaceutical industry in addressing antimicrobial resistance, focusing on drug discovery, manufacturing practices, and stewardship efforts. While the industry has made notable contributions through the development of new antimicrobials and alternative approaches such as drug repurposing, artificial intelligence-driven discovery, and improved diagnostics, major challenges persist-including a declining antibiotic pipeline, limited access in low- and middle-income countries, antimicrobial pollution, irrational fixed-dose combinations, and the prevalence of substandard or falsified drugs. To overcome these barriers, this review explores strategic directions, including public-private partnerships, delinked incentive models, small-molecule innovation, ethical marketing, and equitable access strategies. It also underscores the industry's responsibility in promoting antimicrobial stewardship, participating in global surveillance systems, and educating prescribers and the public on responsible use. Future directions highlight the need for diversified funding, global collaboration, and the adoption of the "triple shield" approach-integrating infection prevention and control, antimicrobial stewardship, and robust surveillance to combat antimicrobial resistance. This review presents an integrated analysis of pharmaceutical accountability, highlighting actionable pathways that align innovation with equitable access, environmental safety, and ethical governance. By bridging gaps between discovery and delivery, the pharmaceutical sector can become a driving force in the global response to antimicrobial resistance.
抗菌药物耐药性是一个紧迫的全球健康威胁，由生物、社会和经济因素的复杂相互作用所推动。尽管人们普遍认识到其影响，但由于创新不足、有效治疗的可及性差以及抗菌药物的不合理使用，抗菌药物耐药性危机仍在不断加深。有效应对抗菌药物耐药性需要采取多部门、多利益相关方和多维度的方法，制药行业在新抗菌药物的发现以及与诊断和其他利益相关方的合作中发挥着关键作用。本综述批判性地审视了制药行业在应对抗菌药物耐药性方面的核心作用，重点关注药物发现、生产实践和管理措施。虽然该行业通过开发新的抗菌药物以及药物重新利用、人工智能驱动的发现和改进诊断等替代方法做出了显著贡献，但重大挑战依然存在，包括抗生素研发管线减少、低收入和中等收入国家的可及性有限、抗菌药物污染、不合理的固定剂量组合以及不合格或假药的盛行。为克服这些障碍，本综述探讨了战略方向，包括公私伙伴关系、脱钩激励模式、小分子创新、道德营销和公平可及战略。它还强调了该行业在促进抗菌药物管理、参与全球监测系统以及教育开处方者和公众合理使用方面的责任。未来方向强调了多元化资金、全球合作以及采用“三重防护”方法的必要性，即将感染预防与控制、抗菌药物管理和强有力的监测相结合以对抗抗菌药物耐药性。本综述对制药行业的责任进行了综合分析，突出了使创新与公平可及、环境安全和道德治理相一致的可行动途径。通过弥合发现与交付之间的差距，制药部门可以成为全球应对抗菌药物耐药性的驱动力。
